论文部分内容阅读
鱼类群落生态学研究结果的准确性很大程度上依赖于采样设计的合理性和准确性,正确的采样调查设计不仅可以降低调查成本,其结果也对渔业资源的评估或者管理起到相当重要的作用.本文利用计算机模拟定点采样、简单随机采样和分层采样,比较了3种采样设计的采样效果、相对误差及相对偏差.结果表明:定点采样设计的采样效果(采样效果平均值为3.37)要弱于简单随机采样和分层随机采样(采样效果平均值为0.961).3种采样设计中,分层采样设计在鱼类群落丰富度评估时表现最好,其采样效果、相对误差和相对偏差表现最佳.随着采样数的增加,分层采样设计的采样效果有所下降,但其采样精度提高.
The accuracy of the results of fish community ecology relies heavily on the rationality and accuracy of sampling design. Correct sampling survey design can not only reduce the cost of investigation, but also result in an important evaluation or management of fishery resources .This paper uses computer simulation of fixed-point sampling, simple random sampling and stratified sampling to compare the sampling effects, relative errors and relative deviations of the three sampling designs.The results show that the sampling effect of the fixed sampling design (the average sampling effect is 3.37 ) Was weaker than simple random sampling and stratified random sampling (the average sampling effect was 0.961). Among the three sampling designs, stratified sampling design performed the best in the evaluation of fish community richness, and its sampling effect, relative error and The relative deviation shows the best performance.With the increase of the number of samples, the sampling effect of the hierarchical sampling design decreases, but the sampling accuracy is improved.