目的了解新疆自治区妇幼保健院维吾尔族(简称维族)、汉族活产新生儿先天性心脏病(CHD)的类型及可能的危险因素,为CHD的预防及病因学研究提供依据。方法采用1∶2配对病例对照研究方法。选取2013年12月-2015年6月入住维、汉族CHD患儿为病例组,无CHD的维、汉族患儿为对照组,对两组患儿父母亲进行统一问卷调查,数据进行条件二分类Logistic回归分析,筛选出与维、汉族CHD相关的危险因素。结果研究期间共确诊CHD60例,其中维族27例(男17例,女10例),汉族33例(男15例,女18例),均以室间隔缺损为主,其次是房间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭;复杂先心病中以法络氏四联症、右位心多见,再次是心内膜垫缺损及合并染色体异常;维族CHD可能的危险因素为:孕早期母亲感冒并服药(OR=3.170)、母孕前孕期未按疗程服用叶酸片情况(OR=0.327)、妊娠合并糖尿病(OR=3.443),汉族CHD可能的危险因素为:孕早期母亲感冒并服药(OR=3.024)、主被动吸烟(OR=3.905)、妊娠合并糖尿病(OR=3.532)。结论维、汉族新生儿CHD的发生,是多种危险因素共同作用的结果,既有相同的危险因素,如孕期感冒服药、妊娠合并糖尿病,也有各自不同的危险因素和保护因素,如汉族CHD中孕妇主被动吸烟、维族CHD中孕妇未按疗程服用叶酸片情况。为预防CHD的发生,应加强对维、汉族育龄夫妇的健康教育,认识环境中危险因素,加强孕期保健,产前筛查,并根据民族不同的危险因素采取针对性的举措消除或减少危险因素影响。 Objective To understand the types and possible risk factors of Uygur (Uygur) and Han born new born children with congenital heart disease (CHD) in the MCH in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and to provide evidences for the prevention and etiology of CHD. Methods 1: 2 matched case-control study. The patients with CHD from December 2013 to June 2015 in our hospital were enrolled in this study. The children with CHD without CHD and Han children were selected as the control group. The parents of the two groups were surveyed by questionnaire, and the data were divided into two categories Logistic regression analysis, screening and Victoria, Han CHD-related risk factors. Results A total of 60 cases of CHD were diagnosed during the study period, including 27 Uighurs (17 males and 10 females) and 33 Han (15 males and 18 females) with ventricular septal defect, followed by atrial septal defect and artery Ductus franklin marshall, in complex congenital heart disease to tetralogy of Fallot, more common right heart, and again the endocardial cushion defect and chromosomal abnormalities; Uighur CHD possible risk factors are: the first trimester of the mother cold and medication (OR (OR = 3.443). The possible risk factors for CHD in Han nationality were as follows: the first trimester of pregnancy, the mother had a cold and took medicine (OR = 3.024), the main Passive smoking (OR = 3.905), pregnancy with diabetes (OR = 3.532). Conclusions The occurrence of CHD in neonates of both Han and the Han ethnicity is the result of the combination of multiple risk factors, including the common risk factors such as cold taking during pregnancy, diabetes with pregnancy, and different risk factors and protective factors such as Han Chinese CHD Passive smoking in pregnant women, Uighur CHD pregnant women did not follow the course of taking folic acid tablets situation. To prevent the occurrence of CHD, we should strengthen the health education of couples of childbearing age in Victoria and Han countries, recognize the environmental risk factors, strengthen the prenatal care and prenatal screening, and take targeted measures to eliminate or reduce the risk factors according to different national risk factors influences.