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进入七十年代以后,有关国营企业在英国经济中的作用和范围的传统的说法已被推翻。无论是在工党执政期间还是在非工党执政期间,无论是经济衰退时期还是复苏时期,都出现了这种变化。在考察这种变化之前,慎重的做法是先从原来的状况说起。六十年代末,国营企业集中在燃料和运输部门,并已有二十年的历史。当时,国营企业对大出口商不感兴趣,而且在多数情况下,也不同私营部门直接竞争(国内运输和工业供热部门是最明显的例外)。除“英国钢铁公司”(1967年建立)外,国营企业完全依靠借贷向国外投资。
Since the 1970s, the traditional wisdom on the role and scope of state-owned enterprises in the British economy has been overthrown. This change has occurred both during the Labor Party and during the Non-Labor Party’s administration, both in the economic recession and in the recovery. Before examining this change, it is prudent to start with the original situation. In the late 1960s, State-owned enterprises were concentrated in the fuel and transportation sectors for two decades. At that time, state-owned enterprises were not interested in big exporters and, in most cases, also competed directly with the private sector (with the most obvious exception being the domestic transport and industrial heating sector). Except for “British Steel Corporation” (established in 1967), state-owned enterprises relied solely on borrowings to invest abroad.