美日贸易的基本特征是日本的长期顺差和美国的长期逆差。这种长期的贸易现状在政治、社会和学术领域引起了极大的争论。在政治和社会领域 ,由于美国公众将这归咎于日本的不公平贸易政策而激愤不已 ;学术界的争论集中在经济理论与现实贸易状况之间的偏差。经济理论粗略地推断坚 The basic characteristics of the U.S.-Japan trade are Japan’s long-term surplus and the U.S. long-term deficit. This long-standing trade situation has caused great controversy in the political, social and academic fields. In the political and social fields, the American public is blamed for blaming Japan’s unfair trade policies; academic controversy has focused on deviations between economic theory and the realities of trade. Economic theory roughly concludes