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所谓哨犯,指犯罪以后被发往沿边沿海墩台进行守哨的犯人。由于惩治的对象主要是犯罪的军人,因此狭义的哨犯就是指被拨发到沿边沿海守哨的犯罪军人。为加强防御,明代沿边沿海地区都设有墩台,又称烟墩、烽堠等,专门用于嘹望并传递军情。墩台由墩军驻守,墩军的来源之一就是哨犯。本文拟就沿边守哨惩治的罪行、守哨的执行程序、哨犯的生活等几方面做初步探索,以求教于方家。守哨惩治的罪行守哨作为一种惩治犯人的方式始于何时,文献中并没有明确的记载。永乐十九年(1421)正月,明成祖大赦天下,其中有一条为:“军官、旗军、将军、力士、校尉、舍人、余丁犯罪,未经断决发遣各处立巧及哨嘹等项者,尽行赦宥,复还职役,立功者仍前立功,已断发充军者不在此例。”可见,至迟在永乐十九年(1421),守哨已经开始行用了。不过此时的
The so-called whistle-blower refers to prisoners who have been sent to a defensive post along the coastal piers after committing crimes. Since the object of punishment is mainly criminal soldiers, a narrow whistle-blower means a criminal soldier who has been assigned to a coastal guard at the border. In order to strengthen the defense, along the coastal areas along the Ming Dynasty are equipped with piers, also known as the smoke pier, beacon, etc., specifically for the hope and transmission of military intelligence. The pier was stationed by the pier and one of the sources of the pier was the whistle. This article intends to conduct a preliminary exploration on crimes punished along the side of the whistle, the execution procedure of the whistle, the life of the whistle-blower, etc., in order to learn from the Fang family. When a whistle-punished crime defender started as a method of punishing prisoners, there was no clear record in the literature. In the first lunar month of 1919 (1421), Ming Chengzu made an amnesty for the world. One of them was: “Officers, banners, generals, warriors, lieutenants, lay people and Yu Ding committed crimes without prejudice, Whistle and other items, to forgive forgiveness, reemployment, meritorious service who still meritorious service, has been severely punished those who are not in this case. ”Visible, no later than in Yongle nine years (1421), the sentry has begun Use of the line. But this time