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纳米纤维作为一维纳米材料的一个重要分支,有着广泛的应用前景。静电纺丝技术是一种制备一维纳米纤维的有效方法。然而,传统制备工艺制得的纳米纤维常为无序排列的结构,极大限制了其应用。近十几年来,通过对喷丝装置、纤维分化区及接收装置的改进获得了取向纳米纤维(aligned nanofibers,ANFs),引发了研究者的广泛关注,但对于取向纳米纤维的制备与应用未见系统性的论述。本文系统总结了采用静电纺丝技术制备取向纳米纤维的方法,并评述了这种取向结构在生物组织工程修复、传感器、增强材料及能源等领域中的应用。鉴于ANFs在生物组织工程中得到广泛的关注,本文对其进行了着重介绍。而在能源领域,本文主要阐述在质子交换膜燃料电池方面的应用。最后,本文总结了ANFs存在的问题,并展望了其未来的发展。
As an important branch of one-dimensional nanomaterials, nanofibers have a wide range of applications. Electrospinning is an effective method for preparing one-dimensional nanofibers. However, the nanofibers produced by the traditional preparation process are often disordered structures, which greatly limits its application. In recent decades, aligned nanofibers (ANFs) have been obtained through the improvement of the spinning device, the fiber dividing region and the receiving device, which aroused much attention of researchers. However, the preparation and application of oriented nanofibers have not been seen Systematic discussion. This paper systematically summarizes the method of preparation of oriented nanofibers by electrospinning, and reviews the application of this orientation structure in the fields of biological tissue engineering repair, sensors, reinforcing materials and energy sources. In view of the widespread interest of ANFs in biological tissue engineering, this article focuses on it. In the field of energy, this paper describes the application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Finally, this article summarizes the existing problems of ANFs and prospects its future development.