抗日战争时期,中国远征军曾经在缅甸战场和英美盟军合作,同日本侵略军进行了为期三年多的作战。中国官兵历尽艰辛,饱受磨难,在付出重大牺牲之后凯旋归国。近年来,尽管有一些文章对这次作战进行过评述,我们认为仍然有必要进一步研讨缅甸战争的发展规律,总结它的经验教训。 (一) 缅甸是亚洲中南半岛的大国,在太平洋战争中,它是同盟国在亚洲大陆的南翼屏障,时有“盾牌”之称。1941年12月,日本在偷袭珍珠港成功之后,即以重兵向东南亚各国和西南太平洋发动进攻。在开战前,日本大本营鉴于陆军兵力的分散和不足,曾对南方军作如下指示:“南方进攻作战期间可相机夺取缅甸的空军基地,作战告一段落之后,如情况允许,再进行缅甸的作战”。到1942年3月,日军相继占领香港、马来亚、新加坡、泰国、印尼和菲律宾 During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Chinese Expeditionary Force had worked with the Anglo-Allied forces on the battlefield in Burma and conducted a three-year operation with the Japanese Forces. Chinese officers and men have experienced hardships and suffering and have returned home after paying major sacrifices. In recent years, although some articles have commented on the operation, we think it is still necessary to further study the law of development of the Burma and summarize its experiences and lessons. (1) Burma is a big country on the Indo-China Peninsula in Asia. In the Pacific War, it was the southern wing of the Allied Powers on the Asian continent and was sometimes called the “shield.” In December 1941, after successfully succeeding in the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan sent heavily to attack the countries in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. Prior to the war, in view of the fragmentation and inadequacy of the Army’s troops, the Japanese base camp made the following instructions to the Southern Army: “Cameras in Myanmar can be captured by the cameras during the offensive operations in the south. After the war is over, the Burma warfare will be carried out as the situation permits” . By March 1942, the Japanese troops had successively occupied Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines