尽管鸦片战争以后对军事改革作了一些尝试,但直到1894—1895年甲午中日战争惨败, 中国政府对彻底改革陆军未曾作过认真的努力。甲午战争以前所谓的自强运动,出于对西方列强入侵的觉醒,体现了早期建立中国海防力量半心半意的努力。自强运动的依据是中学为 Although some attempts were made to military reform after the Opium War, it was not until 1894-1895 that the Sino-Japanese war was a fiasco and the Chinese government did not make serious efforts to completely reform the army. The so-called self-improvement movement before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 demonstrated the half-hearted efforts of early establishment of a Chinese national defense force out of the awakening of the invasion by the Western powers. Self-improvement exercise is based on secondary school