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大凡军事人才,一般可分为军帅、士兵和专门军事人才三类,而其中前两类是主要成份,它构成了军事人才的主体。然而,在将帅和士兵两类人才中,中国古代的兵家究竟是主张以将帅为主抑或以士兵为主,或者二者并重?笔者认为,这里有一个历史的发展过程。大体上说,在唐代以前,军事人才思想的重心在于有关将才思想的论述;而唐宋以后,有关士才思想的论述内容才逐渐加重,至明代出现了一个质的飞跃,从而使将才与士才二者并重的思想得以产生,形成了中国古代军事人才思想发展的前后两阶段。本文拟以兵书为主要线索,就此两个阶段各自的内容主体及其演变,以及促成其演变的社会背景作一初略探讨,以就教于方家和读者。
Generally, military personnel generally fall into three categories: military commander, soldier and specialized military personnel, of which the first two are major components and constitute the main body of military personnel. However, of the two categories of generals and soldiers, whether ancient Chinese military strategists advocate that they should be mainly marshal-based or soldier-based, or should both be equal? I think there is a historical process of development here. Generally speaking, prior to the Tang Dynasty, the focus of military personnel thought lay on the discussion of the thought of just talent. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the content of the discourse on scholarship was gradually aggravated. By the Ming Dynasty, a qualitative leap appeared, The idea of equal emphasis both on talents and talents can be produced, forming the two stages before and after the development of the ideology of Chinese military personnel in ancient times. This article intends to take the military literature as the main clue, and makes a brief discussion on the main body of each of these two stages and its evolution, and the social background that contributed to its evolution so as to teach Yu Fangjia and readers.