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【目的】为明确梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta自然种群与室内继代饲养种群生物学特性的差异,以期为梨小食心虫的人工饲养以及测报与防治提供理论依据。【方法】本研究对室内继代饲养的和从田间采集的梨小食心虫,在室内同等条件下饲养,较系统地观察两者的生物学特性并对其主要生命表参数进行了比较。【结果】在本试验条件下,梨小食心虫室内继代饲养种群的蛹期极显著长于自然种群(t=-10.78,df=4,P=0.0004);卵期、幼虫期以及预蛹期均稍长于自然种群,但无显著差异。室内继代饲养种群的幼虫存活率、化蛹率、羽化率极显著高于自然种群(存活率:t=-7.61,df=4,P=0.0016;化蛹率:t=-24.32,df=4,P=0.0017;羽化率:t=-6.96,df=4,P=0.0022);两个种群的卵孵化率、蛹重、成虫寿命、产卵前期、产卵期及单雌产卵量均无显著差异。自然种群蛀果率高于室内继代饲养种群,但差异不显著。生命表分析表明,梨小食心虫室内继代饲养种群的种群趋势指数I、净增殖率R0、内禀增长率rm、平均世代周期T、周限增长率λ均极显著高于自然种群(I:t=-12.20,df=4,P=0.0003;R0:t=-11.72,df=4,P=0.0003;rm:t=-9.77,df=4,P=0.0006;T:t=-12.05,df=4,P=0.0003;λ:t=-9.79,df=4,P=0.0006),种群加倍时间Dt极显著低于自然种群(t=7.17,df=4,P=0.0020)。【结论】室内继代饲养种群在室内连续饲养50多代后,与自然种群比较,不仅各生命表参数和钻蛀危害果实的能力没有下降,反而在与自然种群同等的室内饲养条件下,表现了更好的适应性,在本供试条件下,后代具有更大的种群增长潜力。所以,利用室内继代饲养种群进行的相关试验研究结果可以作为梨小食心虫预测预报与防治实践的依据。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to determine the difference of biological characteristics between Grapholita molesta natural population and indoor population in order to provide a theoretical basis for artificial feeding and monitoring of Pear moth. 【Method】 The objective of this study was to observe the biological characteristics of the pests and the main life table parameters collected from the field in the laboratory under the same indoor conditions. 【Result】 Under the conditions of this experiment, the pupal stage of indoor subculture of Pestaloti were significantly longer than that of the natural population (t = -10.78, df = 4, P = 0.0004); the egg stage, larval stage and pre-pupa stage Slightly longer than the natural population, but no significant difference. The larval survival rate, pupation rate and eclosion rate of indoor subculture population were significantly higher than those of natural population (survival rate: t = -7.61, df = 4, P = 0.0016; pupation rate: t = -24.32, df = 4, P = 0.0017; emergence rate: t = -6.96, df = 4, P = 0.0022); egg hatching rate, pupal weight, adult longevity, oviposition period, No significant difference. The rate of natural population decayed was higher than that of indoor subculture, but the difference was not significant. The life table analysis showed that the population trend index I, net growth rate R0, intrinsic rate of increase rm, average generations T, and weekly growth rate λ of indoor subculture population were significantly higher than those of natural population (I: t = -12.20 df = 4, P = 0.0003 R0: t = -11.72 df = 4, P = 0.0003 rm: t = -9.77 df = 4, P = 0.0006 T: t = -12.05, Df = 4, P = 0.0003; λ: t = -9.79, df = 4, P = 0.0006). Doubling time Dt was significantly lower than the natural population (t = 7.17, df = 4, P = 0.0020). 【Conclusion】 Compared with the natural population, indoor subculture population did not decrease the ability of life-table parameters and boring-damaged fruits more than 50 generations after indoor continuous feeding. On the contrary, compared with the natural population, For better adaptability, offspring have greater potential for population growth under this test condition. Therefore, the use of indoor breeding population of the relevant experimental results can be used as pears borer forecasting and prevention and control practice basis.