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目的调查某矿区接尘工人３０年恶性肿瘤的发病情况。方法采用回顾性队列研究，对该矿区１６７１１名接尘工人和７５９８名非接尘工人恶性肿瘤的发病情况进行调查。结果接尘组中肺癌居首，对非接尘组的标化发病比为２．６４８；接尘工人比非接尘工人恶性肿瘤发病率明显增高；４０岁以上接尘工人中，高接尘工龄段肺癌发病率显著高于低接尘工龄段；湿式作业工人肺癌发病率显著低于干式作业工人。结论接尘工人的恶性肿瘤（特别是肺癌）高发，粉尘可能是致病的重要危险因素之一。
Objective To investigate the incidence of malignant tumors in workers exposed to dust in a mining area for 30 years. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the incidence of malignant tumors in 16,711 dust-exposed workers and 7,598 non-dusting workers in the mining area. Results The lung cancer incidence was highest in the dust control group, and the standardized incidence ratio was 2.648 for the non-dusting group. The incidence of malignant tumors of workers exposed to dust was significantly higher than that of non-dusting workers; The incidence of lung cancer in working-age segments was significantly higher than that in low-duty employees; the incidence of lung cancer in wet workers was significantly lower than that in dry workers. [Conclusion] Malignant tumors (especially lung cancer) of workers exposed to dust have high incidence, and dust may be one of the important risk factors for the disease.