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近几年来在采用半导体控制方面取得了很大的进展。这就为在电力牵引车辆上采用由静止变频器供电的鼠笼电动机进一步提供了条件。感应电动机比整流子电动机容易制造.维修工作量也少。本文把目前使用的整流子电动机和行将替代它的感应电动机做了比较。对于同样的输出功率,感应电动机重量轻15％,体积也小,在高速范围内,它比整流子电动机输出的功率大。除了基波①外,静止变频器还给出一系列的具有不同振幅和频率的谐波,它们所引起的附加损失约为基波损失的20％,结果使温升增高;它们所引起的附加转矩约为额定转矩的5～10％。增加电机的漏感可使谐波电流限制在给定范围内。但是,变频器的这种不良效果可以通过合理地设计变频器——电动机组及采用现代耐热绝缘材料于以克服。
In recent years, great progress has been made in adopting semiconductor control. This provides further conditions for the use of squirrel-cage motors powered by stationary frequency converters in electric traction vehicles. Induction motors are easier to manufacture than commutator motors, with less maintenance work. This article compares the currently used commutator motor with an induction motor that will replace it. For the same output power, the induction motor is 15% lighter and smaller in size and at a higher speed than the commutator motor. In addition to the fundamental wave, the static frequency converter gives a series of harmonics with different amplitudes and frequencies, causing additional losses of about 20% of the fundamental loss, resulting in an increase in the temperature rise; the additional The torque is about 5 ~ 10% of the rated torque. Increasing the motor’s leakage inductance limits the harmonic current to a given range. However, this adverse effect of the inverter can be overcome by reasonably designing the inverter-motor unit and using the modern heat-resistant insulating material.