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为了解不同早实类型核桃品种果实坚果性状及核桃仁中脂肪酸含量的差异性,以17个山西省农科院果树所核桃品种园内早实类型核桃新品种果实为试材,对其坚果性状进行调查测定,并采用气相色谱法,测定了其核桃仁脂肪酸组分。结果表明:17个早实类型核桃新品种中‘金薄香6号’、‘礼品2号’的坚果性状表现突出。17个品种核桃仁中共同检测出6种脂肪酸,包括不饱和脂肪酸:油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸,饱和脂肪酸:棕榈酸、硬脂酸及其他酸等。其中油酸和亚油酸相对总含量占到80%左右,以亚油酸相对含量最高。‘辽宁1号’核桃仁中含油量最高达78.00%,‘薄丰’的最低仅59.40%;且各品种间含油量具有显著差异性。17个早实类型核桃品种中‘扎343’的油麻比最高达12.40%,‘金薄香4号’的最低为3.50%。‘金薄香1号’核桃仁中棕榈酸含量最高达7.30 g/100 g,‘礼品2号’的最低为5.10 g/100 g。在选育油料核桃品种时,要以出油率较高且高油酸、高亚油酸、低亚麻酸含量的品种为最佳试材。经综合比较,‘礼品2号’、‘金薄香6号’、‘扎343’的油酸、亚油酸含量较高,亚麻酸、棕榈酸含量较低,是比较理想的核桃油用品种,为山西省核桃油用型良种的选育和开发利用提供一定的理论依据。
In order to understand the difference of fruit nut characters and the content of fatty acids in walnut kernels of different early-maturing walnut varieties, 17 early walnut varieties with the same type of walnut in Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences were used as experimental materials, Investigation and determination, and the use of gas chromatography, determination of its walnut fatty acid components. The results showed that the nutty characters of ’Jinshao 6’ and ’gift 2’ in 17 early walnut varieties were outstanding. Sixteen fatty acids were detected in 17 varieties of walnut, including unsaturated fatty acids: oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, saturated fatty acids: palmitic acid, stearic acid and other acids. The relative content of oleic acid and linoleic acid accounted for about 80%, with the highest relative content of linoleic acid. ’Liaoning No. 1’ walnut kernel oil content up to 78.00%, ’thin Feng’ the minimum is only 59.40%; and the oil content of all varieties have significant differences. Among the 17 early-maturing types of walnut cultivars, shoot 343 was up to 12.40% at the highest yield and 3.50% at Jinpi4. The content of palmitic acid in Jinpixiang No.1 walnut is up to 7.30 g / 100 g, while that of ’Gift 2’ is 5.10 g / 100 g. Breeding oilseed walnut varieties, to a higher oil yield and high oleic acid, linoleic acid, low linolenic acid content of the varieties as the best material. After comprehensive comparison, the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitic acid in’Hebei No.2’, ’Jinboshang6’and’ Zhaj 343’was relatively low, which was the ideal walnut oil variety , To provide some theoretical basis for the breeding and exploitation of walnut oil type seed in Shanxi Province.