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弗朗西斯科·约塞·德·卡尔达是一个来自哥伦比亚的科学家,他在1802年介绍了关于他是如何利用水的沸点来推算山的高度的经验。当时他在海拔高度为1760米的高山上工作,在试图重新调整那唯一的一只温度计时,发现水的沸点不是100℃,而是94.5℃。由于卡尔达十分熟悉大气压与海拔高度之间的换算关系,而水沸腾时的饱和蒸汽压应等于水表面的大气压,由此他推论:通过水沸腾时的温度,能间接地、准确地推算出所在位置的海拔高度。当然,法兰海特(Fahrenheit)早在1724年就提出过这种观点。十八世纪后期欧洲的其他学者们也对此问题进行过研究。不过,在南美洲的卡尔达与外界联系很少,并不知道别人的研究情
Francisco Yose de Calda, a scientist from Colombia, introduced his experience in 1802 about how he used the boiling point of water to calculate the height of a mountain. At the time he was working on the mountain at an altitude of 1760 meters. When he tried to readjust the only thermometer, he found that the boiling point of water was not 100 degrees Celsius but 94.5 degrees Celsius. Because Calda is very familiar with the conversion relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude, the saturation vapor pressure when the water boils is equal to the atmospheric pressure at the surface of the water, and he reasoned that the temperature at which the water boils can be calculated indirectly and accurately. Altitude at the location. Of course, Fahrenheit made this point as early as 1724. In the late eighteenth century, other European scholars also conducted research on this issue. However, Calda in South America has little contact with the outside world and does not know about the research of others.