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目的了解梅州市水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为有效控制水痘疫情提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对梅州市2009―2015年报告的水痘暴发疫情进行分析。结果2009―2015年梅州市共报告水痘暴发疫情7起,累计发病158例,罹患率为0.46%~6.36%;7起疫情均发生在学校和幼儿园,其中小学5起、幼儿园2起。暴发时间主要集中在4月(4起)和11月(2起)。男性91例,女性67例,男女性别比为1.36∶1;发病年龄集中在6~11岁(占82.28%)。158例病例中,有明确水痘疫苗免疫史的33例(占20.89%)。结论小学是梅州市水痘疫情的好发场所,小学生是水痘发病的重点人群,今后须采取有针对性的措施加强对重点场所重点人群的防控工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreak in Meizhou and provide evidence for controlling the epidemic of varicella effectively. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the outbreak of chickenpox reported by Meizhou in 2009-2015. Results A total of 7 cases of chickenpox outbreaks were reported in Meizhou City from 2009 to 2015, with a total incidence of 158 cases and an attack rate of 0.46% ~ 6.36%. Seven outbreaks occurred in schools and kindergartens, of which 5 were in primary schools and 2 in kindergartens. Outbreaks were mainly in April (4) and November (2). There were 91 males and 67 females, with a sex ratio of 1.36:1. The age of onset was between 6 and 11 (82.28%). Among the 158 cases, there were 33 cases (20.89%) with a clear history of varicella vaccine immunization. Conclusions Primary school is a good place for the occurrence of chickenpox epidemics in Meizhou City. Primary schoolchildren are the key population for the onset of chickenpox. In the future, targeted measures should be taken to strengthen the prevention and control of key populations in key places.