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在明代,中央政府部门主要是六部与内阁,负责提出行政建议,六科负责封驳奏章,属于审议部门,二者存在相互制约的关系。终明一代,中央政府与六科存在三种权力关系,即政府主导、六科主导和政府与科臣联手等三种关系。三种关系会造成不同的政治状态,政府主导易导致政府权力的任意性,六科主导牺牲了行政效率,政府与科臣联手则制造了政府动荡。因此,只有维持政府与审议机关的权力平衡,才能保证权力运用的公正与效率,其前提是政府与审议机关权力的独立。
In the Ming Dynasty, the central government departments mainly consisted of six departments and the cabinet, which was responsible for making administrative proposals. The six departments were responsible for sealing and correcting the journals and belonged to the deliberative departments, and the two existed mutually restricted relations. After the Ming Dynasty, there are three power relations between the Central Government and the six subjects: the government-led, the six-subject-led and the government-Croat joint. The three kinds of relations lead to different political states. Government-led easily lead to the arbitrariness of government power. Six subjects led to the sacrifice of administrative efficiency. The government and Cowin jointly created the government turmoil. Therefore, only by maintaining the balance of power between the government and the reviewing organ, can the impartiality and efficiency of the use of power be guaranteed, provided that the power of the government and the reviewing organ are independent.