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自从1971年举行的第一次国际容错计算会议以来,容错技术在不断地发展着。过去,容错计算系统的成本非常昂贵,随着计算系统硬件和软件的发展,特别是1970年和1977年大规模和超大规模集成电路相继出现以来,由于每个单元成本的不断降低,容错计算系统已经超出了宇航的范围。应用实例有美、法和瑞典的电话交换系统、日本的铁路控制系统和工业实时控制系统如采矿等。总的来说,容错技术已经在不同的范围中发展着,包括系统范围,机器语言范围、微程序范围和硬件逻辑范围。系统设计、容错技术和超大规模集成电路正在互相结合。
Fault-tolerant technologies have evolved ever since the first International Fault Tolerant Computing Conference in 1971. In the past, the cost of fault-tolerant computing systems was very expensive. With the development of computing system hardware and software, especially since 1970s and 1977, large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits have appeared one after another. Due to the ever-decreasing cost of each unit, fault-tolerant computing systems Has gone beyond the scope of the aerospace. Application examples are the United States, France and Sweden’s telephone exchange system, Japan’s railway control systems and industrial real-time control systems such as mining. In general, fault-tolerant technologies have evolved in different areas, including system-wide, machine-language range, microprogramming, and hardware logic. System design, fault-tolerant technologies and very large scale integrated circuits are combining with each other.