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不同时期三个小麦主栽品种不同层次叶片的最大光合速率均出现在盛花期以前。在灌浆期间,当前高产良种鲁麦14的光合速率下降速度较慢,比早期品种碧蚂1号和济南2号有一个较长的高光合持续期,这种差异在下部叶片表现得更为明显一些,尤其是倒3叶。从不同叶位叶片看,挑旗期参试品种均以倒2叶光合速率最高;盛花期以后,旗叶则逐渐占明显的优势。本文用叶片光合速率与叶面积的乘积,即全叶同化速率为指标,可较全面地反映不同品种叶片同化能力的大小。鲁麦14在灌装期间全叶同化速率占一定优势。叶片比叶重是鉴定筛选高光合速率个体的简单可靠的间接指标。叶片气孔阻力对光合速率有一定负效应,而叶片蒸腾对光合速率则有一定正效应。盛花期以前,叶片光合主要受气孔因素制约,而在生育后期,非气孔因素亦有很重要的作用。对小麦高产育种,尤其是光合特性的改良问题进行了讨论。
The maximum photosynthetic rate of the leaves of three main wheat cultivars at different stages appeared before the full flowering stage. During the filling period, the photosynthetic rate of the current high yielding cultivar Lumai 14 descended more slowly than the early cultivar Bi Ma 1 and Jinan 2, and the difference was more obvious in the lower leaves Some, especially the inverted 3 leaves. From the leaves of different leaf position, the flag leaf of the tested varieties all showed the highest photosynthetic rate in the second leaf; After the full flowering period, the flag leaf gradually occupied the obvious superiority. In this paper, the leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf area product, that is, the rate of whole leaf assimilation as an index, can more fully reflect the different varieties of leaf assimilation capacity. Whole-leaf assimilation rate of Lumai 14 occupied a certain advantage during filling. Leaf specific leaf weight is to identify the screening of individuals with high photosynthesis simple and reliable indirect indicator. Leaf stomatal resistance had a certain negative effect on photosynthetic rate, while leaf transpiration had a positive effect on photosynthetic rate. Before the flowering period, leaf photosynthesis is mainly restricted by stomatal factors, but non-stomatal factors also play an important role in the late growth period. Discussions were made on the improvement of high-yield wheat breeding, especially photosynthetic characteristics.