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端砚是我国的四大名砚之一,它和安徽歙砚、甘肃洮河砚与山东青州砚合称为中国四大名砚,其中以端砚位居第一。因其产于广东肇庆市,肇庆古称端州,故有此名。端砚以老坑历史最长,石质最好,有“磨墨不滞,易于发墨”,“发墨不损毫”,“久用锋芒不退”①的特点。古时文人雅士竞相在砚上镌诗题铭,点画勾勒,遂使一方顽石,成为集诗、书、画、雕刻于一体的综合艺术品。由于古人刻砚格外慎重,“必使砚与人并传,文与字兼绝,加以刻工精妙,斯可以铭”②,因而研究端砚铭文不但利于我们认识端砚自身具有的历史文物价值;而且对了解中国厚重的历史文化底蕴也有一定裨益。本文试从广东省博物馆所藏有铭端砚入手,分类爬梳,以观其意。
Duan Yan is one of the four famous inkstone in China. It is one of the four famous inkstones in China, which are Anhui Yan Inkstone, Gansu Qionghe Inkstone and Shandong Qingzhou Inkstone, among which Duan Inkstone ranks the first. Because of its production in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong, Zhaoqing ancient name Duanzhou, so have this name. Duan Yan to Laoting the longest history, the best stone, there is “grinding ink is not stagnation, easy to send ink,” “not to send ink loss”, “long useless edge” feature. In ancient times, the literati were vying with the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on ink stone. As the ancients carved extraordinarily cautious, “must make the Yan and people spread, the text and the word must be exquisite, to be carved ingenuity, Sri Lanka can inscription”, so the study of the inscription not only helps us to understand the value of the historical artefacts of the Duan Yan itself; Understanding China’s heavy historical and cultural heritage also has some benefits. This article tries to start from Guangdong Provincial Museum possession of Ming Duan Yan, classification of combing, in order to view its meaning.