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全部设区的市获得地方立法权,对于国家法制统一可能构成挑战。学术界和实务界为此设置的防范措施主要是立法审查机制,即由省、自治区人大常委会在批准设区的市的地方性法规时进行全面和严格的合法性审查。立法机关而非审判机关对“维护国家法制统一”承担监督责任,这是我国法治建设过程中预设性的制度架构。但是,本文对涉及海南、深圳两地经济特区法规适用的百余个司法判决的研究,可以发现经济特区法规无论被直接引用还是仅仅作为说理依据,各级法院总体上是基于维护国家法制统一的立场,审慎处理经济特区法规的司法适用。这一司法审判规律,充分证明司法机关对包括经济特区法规在内的地方立法具有补充性的监督功能。
All the municipalities in the districts that have been granted the local legislative power may pose challenges to the unification of the national legal system. The preventive measures set up by academics and practitioners for this purpose are mainly the legislative review mechanism in which the NPC Standing Committee of the provinces and autonomous regions conduct a comprehensive and strict legal review when approving the local laws and regulations of the municipal districts. The legislature, not the judicial organ, should assume the supervisory responsibility for “safeguarding the unification of the legal system”. This is the presupposed institutional structure in the process of rule of law in our country. However, the study of over a hundred judicial decisions applicable to the SEZ laws and regulations in Hainan and Shenzhen shows that the laws of the SEZs, whether directly cited or merely based on justification, are generally based on the principle of safeguarding the unity of the national legal system Position, prudently handle the judicial application of the laws and regulations of special economic zones. This law of judicial trial has fully proved that the judiciary has complementary supervisory functions over local legislation, including laws and regulations on special economic zones.