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[目的]了解上海市机动车道路交通事故发生水平的变化趋势及相关特征,为控制机动车道路交通事故及其危害提供决策依据。[方法]应用2003～2008年上海市统计年鉴及相关背景资料描述上海市机动车道路交通事故的发生率、死亡率、伤人率、致死率及其变化趋势,并描述机动车道路交通事故的归因、地区和道路等相关特征。[结果]2002～2007年上海市机动车道路交通事故发生率、死亡率及伤人率呈下降趋势,但致死率呈上升趋势。上海市机动车道路交通事故是上海市道路交通事故的主要构成,主要由人的因素促成,贡献率达98.77%。其中,机动车驾驶员违章是主要贡献因素;主要违章类型为纵向间距不够等。2002～2007年间发生机动车道路交通事故的责任车种主要为汽车,其所占比例为76.42%～96.83%;其所致机动车道路交通事故发生率、死亡率及伤人率呈下降趋势;其致死率呈上升趋势。各级公路的机动车道路交通事故密度下降;非城区的高等级公路机动车道路交通事故发生密度较高。[结论]上海市道路环境等状况的改善明显降低了上海市机动车道路交通事故的发生。上海市机动车道路交通事故控制应以机动车驾驶员的不良交通行为为主要目标。
[Objective] To understand the changing trend and related characteristics of motor vehicle road traffic accidents in Shanghai and provide decision-making basis for controlling road traffic accidents and their hazards of motor vehicles. [Methods] The Shanghai Statistical Yearbook 2003-2008 and relevant background data were used to describe the incidence, fatality rate, wounding rate and fatality rate of motor vehicle road traffic accidents in Shanghai and their changing trends. The road traffic accidents in motor vehicles Attribution, regional and road related features. [Results] The incidence, fatality rate and injury rate of motor vehicle road accidents in Shanghai from 2002 to 2007 showed a downward trend, but the fatality rate showed an upward trend. Shanghai Motor Vehicle Road Traffic Accident is the main component of Shanghai road traffic accidents, mainly caused by human factors, the contribution rate of 98.77%. Among them, motor vehicle driver violation is the main contributor; the main type of violation of vertical spacing is not enough. The vehicle types responsible for motor vehicle road traffic accidents during 2002-2007 were mainly cars, accounting for 76.42% ~ 96.83% of the total. The traffic accidents, motor vehicle fatality rates and injuries rates of motor vehicles dropped. The fatality rate is on the rise. The density of road traffic accidents of motor vehicles at all levels decreased. The density of road traffic accidents of high-grade road vehicles in non-urban areas was high. [Conclusion] The improvement of the road environment and other conditions in Shanghai obviously reduces the occurrence of motor vehicle road traffic accidents in Shanghai. Shanghai motor vehicle road traffic accident control should be motor vehicle drivers bad traffic behavior as the main goal.