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作为预算税收政策的一项关键因素,外汇政策是一个国家防止本国经济受到国际不等价交换剥削的重要工具,也是维护国家经济主权的根本保证。俄罗斯经济状况不佳,地缘政治局势紧张,致使其融入国际金融体系的过程明显变得复杂。与向资本账户自由化和浮动汇率过渡的前提以及限制条件相联系,对当代俄罗斯外汇政策进行定性分析,能够厘清实施外汇政策的复杂性。俄罗斯经济发展的特点决定了汇率渠道在货币信贷政策传导机制中的重要性,也要求国家实行有管理的卢布浮动汇率制度。目前,俄罗斯的金融体系尚未达到充分发展的水平,因为国家金融体系目前仍处于过渡期,有管理的浮动汇率、通货膨胀目标制和资本自由流动是其突出特征。
As a key factor in the budgetary taxation policy, foreign exchange policy is an important tool for a country to prevent its economy from being subjected to international unequal exchange and exploitation, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for safeguarding the economic sovereignty of a country. The poor economic conditions in Russia and the geopolitical tensions have obviously complicated the process of its integration into the international financial system. In connection with the prerequisites and restrictions on the capital account liberalization and floating exchange rates, a qualitative analysis of contemporary Russian foreign exchange policy can clarify the complexities of implementing foreign exchange policies. The characteristics of Russia’s economic development determine the importance of exchange rate channels in the monetary and credit policy transmission mechanism and also require the state to implement a managed ruble floating exchange rate system. At present, Russia’s financial system has not yet reached a fully developed level because the national financial system is still in its transitional period. Its managed floating exchange rate, inflation target system and free capital flow are the distinguishing features.