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冬、春两季气温较低,果树(特别是幼树)容易遭受冻害。轻者枝条抽干,花芽冻伤,重者整株死亡。因此,必须及时做好冬、春两季果树冻害的防御和补救工作。一、冻前防御的措施1、适时施足过冬肥:采果后施用一次速效性与迟效性肥料配合的重肥,供给果树足够的营养,提高抗寒力:2、培土:霜冻前结合冬耕对果树进行培土,一般每株用200-300公斤的砂壤土、塘泥(或河泥)、草皮土、垃圾土等,壅15厘米左右,可减少土面水分蒸发,保护根颈和根系安全越冬。如能结合施部分火烧土和土杂肥,效果更佳。3、果园覆盖:在果树行间覆盖稻草、山草、树叶、作物秸秆等,既可起到保墒作用,又可提高树温和土温,防止冻害;在果树周围1米直径的范围内覆盖地膜,防止地热散失,保温防冻。4、灌水或喷水:封冻前对果树进行灌水或喷水,增加土壤和空气的湿度,减少地面辐射,使寒冬期间地温保待相对稳定,从而减轻冻害。如灌水时结合施人畜粪尿,喷水时增施0.5%尿素,效果更好。
Winter and spring temperatures are low, fruit trees (especially young trees) susceptible to frost damage. Light branches dry, bud frostbite, severe death of the whole plant. Therefore, we must promptly do a good job in winter and spring fruit tree frost damage and remedial work. First, the defense measures before freezing 1, timely application of adequate winter fertilizer: After the application of a quick-acting and late-effective fertilizer with heavy fertilizer, fruit trees to provide adequate nutrition and improve cold resistance: 2, earth: before the combination of frost Winter plowing of fruit trees, generally 200-300 kg per plant with sandy loam, pond mud (or river mud), turf soil, garbage soil, etc. 壅 about 15 cm, can reduce soil moisture evaporation, protect the root neck and Roots safe and wintering. If combined with some fire soil and soil mixed fertilizer, the better. 3, orchard cover: covering the straw between the rows of trees, mountain grass, leaves, crop stalks, etc., can play a role in preserving soil moisture, but also improve the tree temperature and soil temperature, to prevent frost damage; in the fruit trees around the scope of 1 m in diameter to cover the film , Prevent heat loss, heat preservation antifreeze. 4, irrigation or water: fruit trees before freezing or watering, increase the humidity of soil and air, reduce the radiation on the ground so that during winter temperatures to be relatively stable, thus reducing frost damage. Such as irrigation when combined with human and animal waste excretion, spraying 0.5% urea, the effect is better.