量子力学和计算机理论,这两个看起来互不相关的领域,其结合却产生了一门富于成效的学科:量子计算机。介绍了量子计算机的基本概念和历史背景,分析了相对于经典计算机的优越性、构造和实验方案,以及实现量子计算的困难及其克服途径,展望了量子计算机的发展前景。 Quantum mechanics and computer theory, these seemingly unrelated areas, the combination has resulted in a fruitful discipline: Quantum Computer. The basic concepts and historical background of quantum computer are introduced. The superiority, structure and experiment scheme of classical computer are analyzed. The difficulties of quantum computing and the ways to overcome them are analyzed. The development prospect of quantum computer is also forecasted.