一、前言随着现代化工农业的发展,要求钢的产品质量越来越高。为了满足这种要求,本世纪六、七十年代以来,世界各国在炼钢方面采用了很多措施。除了精料、铁水预处理、少渣或无渣炼钢、挡渣出钢、炉外精炼等外,在模铸或连铸方面最典型的就是采用保护渣作保护浇注,以改善钢锭或连铸坯表面质量及内 I. Preface With the development of modern chemical industry and agriculture, the quality of steel products is required to be higher and higher. In order to meet this requirement, many countries in the world have adopted many measures in steelmaking since the sixties and seventies of this century. In addition to concentrate, hot metal pretreatment, slag-less or slag-free steel, slag removal, furnace refining, etc., the most typical in the mold or continuous casting is the use of mold powder to protect the casting, to improve the ingot or even Billet surface quality and within