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甲烷自然资源丰富,并且也可利用生物质通过发酵制备,而将甲烷与二氧化碳催化重整制取合成气是同时利用两种温室气体的一条有效途径,对清洁能源和环保具有重大意义。近年来,由于该方法与其他技术相比具有较大优势,催化剂、反应机理及一些非常规手段的研究引起了科学界广泛关注。本文概述了近几年来甲烷与二氧化碳催化重整催化剂的活性组分、载体、助催化剂、催化剂积炭行为及制备方法等研究新进展,归纳了影响催化剂抗积炭能力的因素,重点介绍了负载型双金属催化剂、复合氧化物催化剂、介孔型催化剂、金属氧化物载体的活性及稳定性,催化剂制备方法对催化活性和抗积炭能力的影响,催化剂抗积炭方法及等离子体技术的应用等研究,包括普遍认为反应主要受到表面氧原子、表面氢原子与催化剂表面活性位三者影响的反应机理,并展望了双金属催化剂、钙钛矿型催化剂、介孔型催化剂及等离子体协同催化技术的应用及催化机理的研究等发展前景。
Methane is rich in natural resources and can also be prepared by fermentation of biomass. Catalytic reforming of methane and carbon dioxide to produce syngas is an effective way to utilize both types of greenhouse gases simultaneously, which is of great significance to clean energy and environmental protection. In recent years, due to the advantages of this method compared with other technologies, the research of catalysts, reaction mechanism and some unconventional methods has aroused widespread concern in the scientific community. In this paper, the recent progress in research on the active components, supports, cocatalysts, catalyst carbon deposition behavior and preparation methods of methane and carbon dioxide catalytic reforming catalysts is summarized. The factors affecting the ability of catalysts to resist carbon deposition are summarized. Type bimetallic catalyst, composite oxide catalyst, mesoporous catalyst, activity and stability of metal oxide carrier, influence of catalyst preparation method on catalytic activity and anti-carbon deposition ability, catalyst anti-carbon deposition method and application of plasma technology Including the reaction mechanism that is generally believed that the reaction is mainly affected by surface oxygen atoms, surface hydrogen atoms and the surface active sites of the catalyst, and the synergistic effects of the bimetallic catalyst, the perovskite catalyst, the mesoporous catalyst and the synergistic catalysis of the plasma The application of technology and the research of catalytic mechanism.