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长期以来,程颐提出的“饿死事小,失节事大”的伦理法则受到了激烈的争辩。但是争辩双方却没有注意到它是否建立在自由意志的基础上。如果不以个体的自由意志为基础,并由之而争取自然权利,伦理法则就会趋向于与权力、习俗相结合,形成压制个体德性提升的力量,走向道德目的的反面。考察中国伦理法则的思想和现实之间的关系,可见中国传统伦理法则没有依照自由意志发展,也没有产生维护自然权利的强烈需求,道德的呼吁往往流于异化。这种模式的根本改变需要我们从个体自由意志出发构建与实践伦理法则。
For a long time, Cheng Yi proposed “starving to death, the big thing ” ethical rules have been fiercely contested. However, the two sides argue that they have not noticed whether it is based on a free will. If we do not base ourselves on the free will of the individual and strive for natural rights from there, the ethical law will tend to combine with power and customs to form the opposite force that suppresses the promotion of the individual’s morality and morality. Examining the relationship between the Chinese ethical rule and reality, we can see that the traditional Chinese ethical law did not develop in accordance with the free will, nor did it create a strong demand for the maintenance of natural rights. Moral appeals often ran into alienation. The fundamental change in this model requires that we start from the individual free will to construct and practice ethical rules.