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【考情分析】仪器的使用是考核的基础.要了解仪器的基本原理、使用方法、注意事项,能正确读出直接测量仪器的读数.要求独立完成的实验是考查的重点.有时考题虽然跳出了课本分组实验的范围,但原实验的考查仍会出现,或者只是在原实验的基础上增加一些考查内容,但基本原理与方法没有改变.设计性实验要求将课本中分组实验和演示实验的实验原理、方法迁移到新的背景中,理解物理概念和规律,并能灵活运用,要求有较强的创新能力.设计型实验的关键是确定实验原理,它决定应当测量那些物理量、如何确定实验仪器、安排实验步骤、处理数据,会进行误差分析,或根据实验出现的故障,判断出现这种现象的原因.要根据问题的要求和给出的条件,寻找能够迁移应用的实验原理,或者寻找有关的物理规律,设法创设相关的物理情景.对探究性实验,在新课标高考“说明”中,很多学生分组实验原本是“验证性”实验而改成了“探究性”实验,其目的是改变学习方法,注重科学探究过程与方法.
[Test analysis] The use of equipment is the basis for assessment.To understand the basic principles of the instrument, the use of methods, precautions, can accurately read the direct measurement instrument reading.Requirements independent test is the focus of the test.Although the test questions sometimes jump out The scope of textbook grouping experiments, but the original test will still appear, or just based on the original test to add some test content, but the basic principles and methods have not changed.Design experiments require the textbook grouping experiments and demonstration experiments Principle and method to move to a new background, to understand the concepts and laws of physics, and be flexible to use, and to have a strong ability to innovate.The key of design-type experiment is to determine the principle of experiment, which decides which physical quantities should be measured and how to determine the experimental instruments , To arrange the experimental steps, data processing, error analysis, or according to the experimental failure to determine the reasons for this phenomenon.According to the requirements of the problem and the conditions given, to find the application of experimental principle can migrate, or looking for Of the laws of physics, trying to create related physical scenarios.For exploratory experiments, the new curriculum standard entrance examination Ming “, many student groups experiment was originally ” proof “experiments into a ” Inquiry "experiment, which aims to change the learning methods, focusing on the process and methods of scientific inquiry.