一、问题的提出: 美国著名社会心理学家班杜拉(Bandara)提出自我效能理论(self—effi—cacy theory),认为:行为改变的前提是一个人对自己的能力充满信心;能否达到目标和自我预期,在很大程度上决定了人们的行为选择以及努力程度和持久性。该理论认为自信心是努力的前提,是促成个体勤奋的先决条件。有人通过对251位中国现代著名社会科学家和227位诺贝尔奖获得者的传记进行研究也发现,自信是他们共有的人格 First, the question put forward: The famous American social psychologist Bandara (self-effi-cacy theory) put forward the theory of self-efficacy (theory of self-effi-cacy), that: the premise of behavioral change is a person full of confidence in their ability; Goals and self-expectations, to a large extent, determine people’s choices of behavior and their level of effort and sustainability. This theory holds that self-confidence is a prerequisite for hard work and a precondition for personal hard work. A study of the biographies of 251 prominent Chinese modern social scientists and 227 Nobel Laureates also found that self-confidence is their shared personality