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20世纪中叶以来,价值相对主义、价值绝对主义以及价值多元主义对美国价值观教育产生着深刻影响。价值相对主义质疑和解构了美国历史上所形成的传统价值观,消解了这种价值观在学校教育中的主导地位,导致了美国学校教育的实质性价值内核被逐渐掏空。价值绝对主义在批判相对主义的同时,祭出了传统价值观特别是宗教价值观作为“绝对”的价值标准,主张在学校教育中重塑传统和宗教价值观。价值多元主义实际上是在相对主义与绝对主义之间的某种调和与折中,多元文化主义教育注重在宪政民主框架下发展学生对于多元文化、多元价值观的尊重、理解、宽容,强调批判性反思、沟通协调、对话合作等教育原则和方法。这三种价值哲学的转换和演进,改变了美国价值观教育的发展轨迹,影响着美国价值观教育的发展趋向。
Since the middle of the 20th century, Value Relativism, Value Absolutism and Value Pluralism have had a profound impact on American values education. Value relativism questioned and deconstructed the traditional values formed in the history of the United States, eliminating the dominance of such values in school education, leading to the gradual hollowing-out of the substantive value core of school education in the United States. In the process of criticizing relativism, value absolutism imposes traditional values, especially religious values as the value standard of “absolute ” and advocates the remolding of traditional and religious values in school education. Value Pluralism is actually a kind of reconciliation and compromise between relativism and absolutism. Multiculturalism education focuses on developing students’ respect, understanding, tolerance and emphasizing criticality under the framework of constitutional democracy. Reflection, communication and coordination, dialogue and cooperation and other educational principles and methods. The conversion and evolution of these three philosophies of value have changed the course of the development of values education in the United States and influenced the development trend of values education in the United States.