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令美国新闻界甚至一般民众引以为荣的一些称号,诸如“无冕之王”、“第四权力”、“看门狗”之类,寄托着美国社会长久以来对新闻界的极大期望:媒介要及时、准确和公正地报道社会事务,向公众提供可据以判断和行动的信息,从而为公众的利益服务,而这个目标实现的前提是言论和新闻的自由。事实上,自从十九世纪末出现报业兼并现象以后,言论和新闻自由就常常成为商业利益的牺牲品,公众利益受到频繁的侵害。尤其是近30年来,随着政府对产业管制的放松、产业集中程度的加深和媒介结构的剧烈变动,新闻媒介的主流已经被有势力的利益集团所操纵,公众利益不得不让位于媒介所有者的政治和经济利益,新闻工作者的整体失去独立报道和评论的自由。这种状况是美国政治和经济发展的必然结果。
Some of the titles that pride the American press and even the general public, such as “The Untouchables,” “Fourth Powers,” and “Watchdogs,” have long placed great expectations on the press in the American society: Media Social affairs are reported in a timely, accurate and fair manner and the public is provided with information that can be judged and acted upon to serve the public interest, which is achieved on the basis of the freedom of speech and the press. In fact, freedom of speech and press has often become a victim of commercial interests since the phenomenon of newspaper annexation in the late nineteenth century. Public interest has been violated frequently. Especially in the past 30 years, with the relaxation of government control over industries and deepening industrial concentration and drastic changes in the media structure, the mainstream of the news media has been manipulated by influential interest groups, and the public interest has to be left behind by the media The political and economic interests of journalists, journalists, as a whole, have lost their freedom of independent reporting and commentary. This situation is the inevitable result of the political and economic development in the United States.