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自 198 0年以来 ,随遗传学理论的进展和新的实验设备和技术的不断出现 ,遗传图经历了从第 1代限制性片段长度多态性遗传图、第 2代短串联重复遗传图、到第 3代单核苷酸多态性遗传图的演变和发展 ,使得遗传图的信息含量不断增加。目前 ,除了单核苷酸多态性位点的开发仍在进行之外 ,遗传图的绘制工作可以说已经完成。这标志着遗传图已全面进入应用阶段 ,并日益成为“功能基因组计划”不可或缺的工具。本文综述了遗传图的发展 ,简要介绍了由 3种遗传标记为骨干构成的遗传图、以及它们各自的优缺点。概述了遗传图在实际工作中的应用领域 ,并重点综述了遗传图应用于连锁分析时应注意的几个问题 ,尤其是遗传标记的选择、交叉干涉现象对连锁分析的影响。
Since 198 0, with the progress of genetic theory and the continuous appearance of new experimental equipment and techniques, the genetic map has gone through from the first generation of restriction fragment length polymorphism genetic map, the second generation of short tandem repeat genetic map, The third generation of single nucleotide polymorphism genetic map evolution and development, making the genetic map of the increasing content of information. At present, in addition to the development of single nucleotide polymorphism sites are still underway, the mapping of genetic map can be said to have been completed. This indicates that the genetic map has entered the application stage and is increasingly becoming an indispensable tool for the Functional Genomics Project. This article reviews the development of genetic maps, briefly describes the genetic map consisting of three genetic markers as backbone, and their respective advantages and disadvantages. The application fields of genetic map in the practical work are summarized. Several problems that should be noticed in applying genetic map to linkage analysis are reviewed, especially the choice of genetic markers and the influence of cross-interference on linkage analysis.