在第二次世界大战刚开始的那些日子里,间谍活动虽然一直存在,但通常比较克制,这多半是由于害怕,因为暴力行动一般会招致对方残酷无情的报复,而这种局面因1939年11月发生的文洛事件完全改变了。由于这次事件的影响,那种文质彬彬,坐在咖啡馆里刺探情报的时代结束了,代之而起的是血腥和暴力。 “黑色乐队”存在吗? 1939年9月初,一个名叫弗兰茨·费希尔的德国移民与英国驻欧洲大陆最重要的两名情报人员——R·亨利·史蒂文斯少校和S·佩恩·贝斯特上尉取得了联系,他声称自己是德国军队内部一个反希特勒秘密组织的代表,并且询问英国人是否有兴趣会见一下这个组织的重要成员。史蒂文斯少校公开的身份是英国驻荷兰海牙的护照办公室的工作人员,贝斯特上尉长期居住在荷兰,自己开办了一家大陆贸易进出口公司,算是情报活动的掩护。这两个人都是英国情报局军事情报五处的特工人员,在德国境内的情报活动由史蒂文斯少校统一负责。英国人早就听说在德国军队内部有一个名为“黑色乐队”的秘密反纳粹组织,成员包括一些老资格的将军和军官,他们的领导人是曾任德军总参谋 In spite of the existence of espionage during the first days of World War II, they were usually restrained, mostly due to fear, as violence usually resulted in a brutal retaliation by the other party, The Wendelo incident in January completely changed. Due to the impact of the incident, the era of geniality, sitting in a cafe spying on intelligence ended, bloody and violent replaced. Is there a “black band”? In early September 1939, a German immigrant, Franz Fischer, joined with Major R. R. Henry Stevens, the chief intelligence officer of the British mainland in Europe, and S Captain Payne Best was contacted, claiming to be a representative of an anti-Hitler secret organization within the German army and asking whether the British were interested in meeting important members of the organization. Major Stevens open identity is the staff of the British passport office in The Hague, the Netherlands, Captain Best lived in the Netherlands for a long time, opened a mainland trade import and export company, be regarded as cover intelligence activities. Both were agents of the intelligence service at the British Intelligence Agency's five intelligence agencies and intelligence operations in Germany were run by Major Stevens. The British have long heard that inside the German army there is a secret anti-Nazi organization called the “Black Band,” which includes some veteran generals and officers whose leaders were former Germans General Staff