NK细胞是一种重要的淋巴细胞 ,在机体抗病毒自然免疫中发挥着重要作用。近年随着对 NK细胞表面受体及其特异性配体的认识 ,NK细胞抗病毒感染的特异性应答研究取得了重大进展。参与免疫应答的细胞因子和趋化因子的研究也有了新的观点 ,使调节通路更为复杂 ,对 NK细胞在天然免疫中的作用亦有了更进一步的了解。 NK cells are an important lymphocyte and play an important role in the body’s natural immunity to antivirus. In recent years, with the understanding of NK cell surface receptors and their specific ligands, significant progress has been made in the study of the specific responses of NK cells to antiviral infections. New ideas have also emerged in the study of cytokines and chemokines involved in immune responses, which make the regulatory pathways more complex and have a better understanding of the role of NK cells in innate immunity.