论文部分内容阅读
油松球果小卷蛾是松类的球果及嫩梢的重要害虫之一。该虫在陕西省乔山、黄龙、秦岭、巴山等林区均有分布,已知寄主植物有油松、马尾松、华山松及白皮松等。其中以油松受害最为严重,被害的当年生球果提早枯落而不能成熟;先年生球果多干缩枯死,无子粒;当年生嫩梢常枯枝秃顶,继而干形弯曲,不能长成通直良材。这样,既严正影响森林更新及造林用种,又严重威胁树木生长发育及木材利用价值。该虫在陕西省乔山林区年只一代,以蛹越夏过冬。翌年四月中旬为蛾始发期,四月下旬至五月上旬达盛发期。蛾盛飞时刻在傍晚19时30分至20时30分。卵散产,主要产于先年生球果上,间或产于嫩梢及针叶上。卵期14天。幼虫始孵期在五月上旬,中、下旬达盛孵期,六月上、中旬幼虫始老熟,吐丝下地,在枯枝落叶层及杂草丛下结茧化蛹,准备越夏过冬。该虫几乎发生在海拔1900米以下的整个松林内,而在1900米以上的高寒山地尚未见其踪迹。其发生为害规律是:低海拔重于高海拔,山下部重于山中、上部、纯林重于混交林,疏林重于密林,幼、中龄林重于近、成、过熟林,结实好林分重于结实不好及未结实林分。该虫的发生期是阳坡先于阴坡,低海拔先于高海拔,并与植物物候相关,如幼虫孵化始、盛期,正是油松开花始、盛期,也是进行化学防治的大好时机。防治措施:营造混交林;改疏林为密林,提高林分郁闭度;人工摘除虫害果,集中处理,杀死幼虫;人工化学防治,可用25％DDT乳剂、50％可湿性DDT的200—400倍液,于幼虫孵化初、盛期各喷一次,灭虫保果作用显著;飞机洒药防治,以25％DDT乳剂10倍稀释液防治效果好。
Pinus tamarinis is one of the important pests of the coniferous and young shoots of Pinus. The insect in Shaanxi Province, Qiaoshan, Huanglong, Qinling, Bashan and other forest are distributed, known host plants are Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus armandi, Pinus armandi and Pinus bungeana. Among them, the most serious damage to Chinese pine, the victims of the early coniferous fruit early lithe and not mature; first annual cones more dry shrinkage, no grain; when the tender shoot often dead branches bald, and then dry curved, can not grow Straight straight material. In this way, it will not only seriously affect the use of forest renewal and afforestation but also seriously threaten the growth and timber utilization of trees. The insects in the Qiaoshan forest in Shaanxi Province, only a generation to pupal summer over winter. The following year the middle of April for the moth origin, late April to early May Dasheng hair period. Moth Sheng flying moment in the evening 19:30 to 20:30. Egg scattered, mainly produced in the first annual cones, between or produced in tender shoots and needles. Egg stage 14 days. The larvae start hatching in early May, mid and late Dasheng hatch, in June, the middle of the larvae are beginning to mature, silking, in the litter layer and weeds under the cocoon formation of cocoon pupation, preparation for the summer over the winter. The worm occurs almost throughout the pine forest at an altitude of 1900 meters below, and has not seen its trail in the alpine mountain above 1900 meters. The damage patterns are as follows: the low altitude is heavier than the high altitude, the lower part of the mountain is heavier than the middle and upper part of the mountain, the pure forest is heavier than the mixed forest, the sparse forest is heavier than the jungle, Good forest is more than poor and not strong stand. The incidence of the pest is the sunny slope before the sunny slope, low altitude before the high altitude, and with the plant phenology, such as larvae hatch beginning, peak, it is the beginning of flowering pine, peak, but also for chemical control Great time. Prevention and control measures: to create a mixed forest; to change sparse forest to the jungle, to improve canopy density; artificial pest removal, centralized treatment to kill larvae; artificial chemical control, available 25% DDT emulsion, 50% wettable DDT 200- 400 times the liquid, in early larvae hatch, peak spray once, pest control effect is significant; aircraft spraying prevention and control to 25% DDT emulsion 10-fold dilution of control effect.