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目的分析2011-2014年宁波市新生儿出生缺陷发生情况,探究影响缺陷发生的相关因素。方法利用宁波市妇女儿童保健系统收集2011年9月至2014年8月宁波市新生儿的出生缺陷数据,并用χ~2检验分析可能与出生缺陷相关的危险因素。结果 2011-2014年,宁波市新生儿出生缺陷发生率呈波动上升趋势,从2011年9月至2012年8月的190.4/万上升到2013年9月至2014年8月的271.5/万。在常见类型的出生缺陷中,发生率最高的前五位分别为先天性心脏病、血管瘤、多指(趾)、外耳其他畸形、唇裂/腭裂。按系统分,出生缺陷分布最多的前五位分别为先天性心脏病、四肢畸形、颜面部畸形、皮肤畸形和泌尿系统畸形。新生儿的出生缺陷发生率与性别无相关性,与新生儿出生体质量、胎龄和多胎情况、父母亲年龄、职业和文化程度、母亲妊娠期疾病和家族遗传病史均具有相关性。结论宁波市新生儿出生缺陷情况依然严峻,需加强生殖健康教育、避免导致出生缺陷的高危因素、提高产前诊断技术、做好出生缺陷监测,以降低新生儿出生缺陷率,提高人口素质。
Objective To analyze the incidence of neonatal birth defects in Ningbo City from 2011 to 2014 and explore the related factors that affect the occurrence of defects. Methods The data of birth defects of newborns in Ningbo City from September 2011 to August 2014 were collected from Ningbo Women and Children Health Care System. The risk factors related to birth defects were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results From 2011 to 2014, the incidence of neonatal birth defects in Ningbo showed a rising trend of fluctuation, rising from 190.4% in September 2011 to August 2012 to 271.5% in September 2013 to August 2014. Of the common types of birth defects, the top five highest occurrences were congenital heart disease, hemangiomas, multiple fingers, other malformations of the outer ear, and cleft lip / cleft palate. By system, the top five birth defects were congenital heart disease, limb deformities, facial deformities, skin deformities and urinary system deformities. Neonatal birth defects have no gender-related prevalence, and are related to newborn birth weight, gestational age and multiple births, parental age, occupation and education, maternal gestational disease and family history of the disease. Conclusion Neonatal birth defects in Ningbo are still severe. Reproductive health education needs to be strengthened to avoid the risk factors leading to birth defects, to improve prenatal diagnosis techniques and monitor birth defects so as to reduce the birth defect rate and improve the quality of the population.