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大豆(Glycine max)是光周期敏感的植物,该特性是决定其生育期及其生态适应区的关键因素。温带的大豆品种引种到热带地区(短日照)时,开花期和成熟期提前、产量降低,限制了大豆在热带地区的种植。长童期(LJ)大豆品种的发现是解决该问题的重要突破。在短日照条件下,LJ品种比温带品种开花晚、体量大、成熟晚且产量提高。前期研究发现,J位点是控制LJ性状的关键位点。近期,我国科学家通过精细定位克隆了J基因,发现其与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)早花基因(ELF3)同源。他们通过功能互补和近等基因系等方法验证了J基因的功能,在短日照条件下,等位基因j比J开花晚、成熟晚且产量提高。进一步研究发现,J蛋白与E1基因(豆科植物开花抑制因子)的启动子结合抑制E1基因的表达,从而解除E1对大豆开花基因(FT)的抑制,促进大豆在短日照下开花。研究还发现在大豆种质资源中存在多种j等位变异。该研究引领了大豆生育期遗传研究的新方向,揭示了大豆向热带地区发展的遗传基础。
Soybean (Glycine max) is a photoperiod-sensitive plant that is a key factor in determining its growth stage and its ecologically adaptive zone. Introduction of temperate varieties of soybean to the tropics (short-day), the flowering and maturity ahead of schedule, reduce production, limiting the soybean cultivation in the tropics. The discovery of long-legged (LJ) soybean varieties is an important breakthrough to solve this problem. Under short day conditions, LJ varieties flowered later than temperate varieties, with large body mass, late mature and higher yield. Previous studies found that J locus is the key point to control LJ traits. Recently, Chinese scientists cloned the J gene by fine mapping and found that it is homologous to the early flowering gene (ELF3) of Arabidopsis thaliana. They validated the function of the J gene through functional complementation and near-isogenic lines. In the short-day condition, allele j blossomed later than J, and its yield increased late. Further studies showed that binding of J protein to the promoter of E1 gene (flowering inhibitor of leguminous plants) inhibited the expression of E1 gene, thereby releasing E1 inhibition of soybean flowering gene (FT) and promoting the flowering of soybean under short daylight. The study also found that there are many j-allelic variations in soybean germplasm resources. The research led to a new direction in the genetic research of soybean growth and revealed the genetic basis for the development of soybean in the tropics.