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目的:了解嘉兴市五县两区病残儿鉴定资料,对参加鉴定的病残儿中的出生缺陷儿进行流行病学分析,为提高人口素质、降低出生缺陷提供科学依据。方法:对2000~2010年嘉兴市五县两区上报的病残儿鉴定资料进行整理分析。结果:2000~2010年参加病残儿鉴定合计1 150例,其中出生缺陷儿764例,占病残儿鉴定总人数的66.43%。出生缺陷儿病种构成前5位分别为智力低下(138例)、先天性心脏病(106例)、脑发育不全(89例)、原发性癫痫(50例)和21-三体综合征(41例),这5种疾病占出生缺陷的55.50%。出生缺陷儿中染色体疾病145例,占18.98%。结论:嘉兴地区病残儿鉴定中出生缺陷以神经系统疾病比例最高,单病种以智力低下居首位。加大一级预防手段、普及优生优育及遗传检测可减少出生缺陷、提高人口素质。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the identification data of disabled children in five counties and two counties in Jiaxing City, and to make epidemiological analysis on the birth defects among disabled children who participated in the appraisal so as to provide a scientific basis for improving population quality and reducing birth defects. Methods: The identification data of sick and disabled children reported from five counties and two counties in Jiaxing from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed. Results: A total of 1 150 cases of disabled children were identified from 2000 to 2010, of which 764 were children with birth defects, accounting for 66.43% of the total number of disabled children. The first five cases of birth defects were mental retardation (138 cases), congenital heart disease (106 cases), hypoplasia (89 cases), primary epilepsy (50 cases) and 21-trisomy syndrome (41 cases), these five diseases accounted for 55.50% of birth defects. 145 cases of chromosomal diseases in children with birth defects, accounting for 18.98%. Conclusion: The prevalence of birth defects in disabled children in Jiaxing is the highest among all the neurological diseases. Increase the level of prevention, universal prenatal and postnatal care and genetic testing can reduce birth defects and improve the quality of the population.