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一、前言喷油嘴一般采用GCr15钢制造,经淬火—冷处理—低温回火—两次时效的常规工艺热处理,基本上能满足中低速柴油机的使用要求。但高速增压机的针阀偶件,因工作温度大幅度提高,采用这种工艺处理的针阀偶件,经常出现卡死、雾化不良等现象,严重影响柴油机性能。为此,国内外生产厂家纷纷淘汰GCr15钢,改用热稳定性较高的18Cr2Ni4WA、W18Cr4V等高合金钢制造喷油嘴。这样,卡死现象虽有所减轻,但因材料昂贵,冷热加工性能差,成本高,应用受到限制。因此,如何在不提高成本的前提下,提高针阀偶件质量,延长使用寿命和节省燃油消耗,已成为急待解决的难题。
I. Introduction The nozzle is generally made of GCr15 steel, after quenching - cold treatment - low temperature tempering - two aging conventional heat treatment, basically to meet the requirements of low-speed diesel engine. However, high-speed turbocharger needle valve parts, due to a substantial increase in operating temperature, the use of this process needle valve parts, often stuck, poor atomization and other phenomena, a serious impact on diesel engine performance. To this end, domestic and foreign manufacturers have eliminated GCr15 steel, switch to high thermal stability 18Cr2Ni4WA, W18Cr4V other high alloy steel nozzle. In this way, although the stuck phenomenon has eased, but because of expensive materials, hot and cold processing performance is poor, the cost is high, the application is limited. Therefore, how to improve the quality of needle valve couplers, prolong the service life and save the fuel consumption has become an urgent problem to be solved without raising the cost.