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语源学是章太炎先生治学的重点,而《文始》又是其语源学研究的重中之重。《文始》写作基本是与太炎1908年在日本讲授《说文》同时进行,而其讲授《说文》的课堂实录后被整理成《章太炎说文解字授课笔记》。本文先从整体上对《笔记》与《文始》进行比较,发现两书具有很强的传承性。《文始》中的463条初文、准初文的材料在《笔记》中直接出现的字头有344条,占74%,间接出现的基本涵盖了《笔记》的所有条目,而《笔记》中提出的很多设想在《文始》中也都有所深入。另外《文始》中的语源学术语(如“孳乳”“变易”)在《笔记》中已有所体现。接着我们着重选取两书中的同族词进行比较研究,以试图探索两书语源学研究侧重点的异同。我们将两书中同时出现的同族词分作两类:一是结论一致的同族词,二是侧重点不同的同族词。第一类包括结论完全一致的同族词和《文始》在《笔记》基础上有所延伸的同族词两小类。而第二类我们主要分析形成同族词研究侧重点不同的原因:一是因为对核义素选取的不同,从而产生不同的语族;二是因为《文始》以分析同族词为主,而《笔记》是全面地分析字头;三是因为《笔记》与《文始》本身会有自相矛盾之处;四是因为《笔记》多以右文为线索进行系联,《文始》多以声韵为线索进行系联。
Etymology is the focus of Professor Zhang Taiyan’s study, while “textual beginning” is the most important part of his study of etymology. “The Beginning” was basically written at the same time as Taiyan in 1908 when he taught “Shuo Wen” in Japan, and his lecture in “Shuo Wen” was arranged into “Zhang Taiyan Shuo Wen Jie Zi Teaching Notes”. This article first compares the “notes” with “the beginning of the text” as a whole, and finds that the two books have strong inheritance. Of the 463 first texts in “The Beginning,” there are 344 initial occurrences of the original text material in the “Notes”, accounting for 74% of the total. The indirect appearances basically cover all entries of the “Notes”, while the “Notes ”Many of the ideas put forward in the“ textual ”are also in-depth. In addition, the etymological terms (such as “yin yang”) in “yin shi” have been reflected in the “notes”. Then we focus on choosing the same clans in two books for comparative study in order to explore the similarities and differences of the two etymology research focuses. We divided the two homosexuals which appeared in the two books into two categories at the same time: one is the same-word family with the same conclusion; the other is the one with different focus. The first category consists of the same family of concluding words and the two sub-categories of “hominy” that the “beginning” extends based on the “notes”. In the second category, we mainly analyze the causes of the different focuses of the study of the same-type words: first, because of the different selection of the nuclear-spanning species, different ethnic groups are produced; second, because the “beginning of the word” is mainly the analysis of the same- “Notes” is a comprehensive analysis of the prefix; Third, because “Notes” and “beginning of the text” will have their own contradictions; Fourth, because the “Notes” are mostly linked to the right text as the clue, Phonological rhyme as a clue for the link.