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目的:探讨不同染尘方法对大鼠肺脏器组织病理学和肺组织细胞因子变化影响。方法:选取SPF级Wistar健康雄性大鼠84只随机分为对照组、动式染尘组和气管灌注组（各28只），各组大鼠在接触矽尘后于3、14、28和60 d时随机选取7只处死。计算各组大鼠的体重和肺脏器系数；采用苏木素-伊红染色法观察肺组织病理变化，采用Masson染色法评估肺脏胶原纤维化，天狼猩红染色偏振光法观察肺组织胶原纤维面积比变化；采用酶联免疫吸附实验检测肺组织匀浆转化生长因子（TGF）-β1和羟脯氨酸（HYP）水平。结果:大鼠染尘后，3、14、28和60 d动式染尘组和气管灌注组大鼠肺脏器病理变化明显，且肺泡炎症和肺纤维化评分与对照组大鼠比较差异均有统计学意义（n P<0.05）；3、14、28和60 d气管灌注组I型和III型胶原纤维面积百分比均高于动式染尘组，差异均有统计学意义（n P<0.05）；3和14 d时气管灌注组大鼠肺组织匀浆中TGF-β1含量高于动式染尘组，差异均有统计学意义（n P<0.05）；28 d时气管灌注组HYP含量高于动式染尘组，差异均有统计学意义（n P<0.05）。n 结论:动式吸入染尘和一次性气管灌注染尘均可造成大鼠急性肺损伤，肺组织病理均表现出炎症和纤维化，但一次性气管灌注染尘对大鼠肺组织损伤更严重，病理变化更明显。“,”Objective:To investigate the Effects of different dusting methods on pathological changes and cytokines in rat lung tissue.Methods:84 healthy male SPF Wistar rats, were randomly divided into control group and dynamic dusting group, tracheal perfusion group, On the day 3, 14, 28, and 60 after the dust exposure, 7 rats in each group were randomly selected and killed. Record the weight of rats and calculate the lung coefficient; Observe the pathological changes of lung tissue by HE staining, Evaluate the pulmonary collagen fibrosis by Masson staining, observe The changes of area ratio of collagen fibers in lung tissue Sirius scarlet staining, Use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the content of transforming growth factor (TGF) -β1 and hydroxyproline (HYP) in lung tissue homogenate.Results:After the rats were exposed to dust, the dynamic dusting group and the tracheal perfusion group varied significantly in lung histopathology at four time points, and alveolar inflammation and Pulmonary fibrosis scores were higher than the control group (n P<0.05) ; The percentage of type I and type III collagen fiber area of tracheal perfusion group was higher than that in the dynamic dusting group in the four time points (n P<0.05) ; The content of TGF-β1 in lung tissue homogenate of rats in the tracheal perfusion group was higher than that in the dynamic dusting group on the day 3 and 14 (n P<0.05) ; The content of Hyp in the tracheal perfusion group was higher than that in the dynamic dusting group on the day 28 (n P<0.05) .n Conclusion:The acute lung injury of rats can be caused by dynamic dusting group and tracheal perfusion group. The lung histopathology shows inflammation and fibrosis, but the lung tissue injury of rats is more serious and the pathological changes are more obvious.