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目的通过免疫磁珠分离技术(immunomagnetic beads separation techniques,IMBS)富集痰液中的结核分枝杆菌,提高痰液培养的阳性率,以期用于结核病的快速诊断。方法制备兔抗结核杆菌IgG抗体,并将其结合于免疫磁珠表面。采集71例确诊结核病患者的痰液标本,通过免疫磁珠分离技术捕获、富集吸附结核分枝杆菌后用改良罗氏培养基培养,并与传统改良罗氏(L-J)培养法和痰涂片抗酸染色法作比较。结果 71例结核病患者痰涂片抗酸染色检查阳性26例,阳性率36.6%;传统改良L-J培养阳性34例,阳性率47.9%;免疫磁珠分离技术捕获、富集结核分枝杆菌后进行改良L-J培养阳性48例,阳性率67.6%。三者阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),改良L-J培养和痰涂片检查阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用免疫磁珠分离技术捕获、富集痰液中的结核分枝杆菌后进行培养,可显著提高痰培养的阳性率,该方法可用于结核病的快速诊断。
Objective To enrich Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by immunomagnetic beads separation techniques (IMBS), and to increase the positive rate of sputum culture in order to be used for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. Methods Rabbit anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis IgG antibody was prepared and immobilized on the surface of immunomagnetic beads. Sputum samples of 71 patients with confirmed TB were collected and collected by immunomagnetic bead separation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was enriched and then cultured in modified Roche medium. Compared with the traditional modified Roche culture method and sputum smear antacid Dyeing method for comparison. Results Totally 26 cases were positive for sputum smear antacid staining in 71 cases, the positive rate was 36.6%. In the traditional modified LJ culture, 34 cases were positive, the positive rate was 47.9%. After immunomagnetic separation, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis was enriched and harvested LJ culture positive in 48 cases, the positive rate of 67.6%. There was no significant difference between the positive rate of L-J culture and sputum smear (P> 0.05). Conclusion The method of immunomagnetic bead separation to capture and enrich Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum can improve the positive rate of sputum culture remarkably. This method can be used for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis.