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目的评价2013—2015年宁波市流动儿童溺水综合干预效果,为预防儿童溺水提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,从宁波市江北区和鄞州区分别抽取4所外来民工子弟学校1~9年级所有学生。以江北区为干预组,实施基于生态学模型建立的溺水综合干预;以鄞州区为对照组。分别于干预前和干预2年后进行基线和终期问卷调查,比较两组非致死性溺水发生率,评价综合干预效果。结果基线和终期分别回收有效问卷7 736份和7 730份。干预组学生干预后非致死性溺水发生率为4.45%,低于基线的13.12%(P<0.01);对照组学生终期非致死性溺水发生率为7.47%,与基线的6.90%比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.344)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,接受综合干预的流动儿童发生非致死性溺水的危险性是未干预儿童的0.762倍(OR=0.762,95%CI:0.691~0.840)。结论基于生态学模型的溺水综合干预对预防儿童溺水效果明显,具有推广价值。
Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention for migrant children drowning in Ningbo City from 2013 to 2015, and provide a basis for preventing children from drowning. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to collect all the students from grade 1 to grade 9 from 4 migrant children’s schools from Ningbo Jiangbei District and Yinzhou District respectively. Taking Jiangbei District as intervention group, comprehensive intervention of drowning based on ecological model was implemented; Yinzhou District was taken as control group. Baseline and terminal questionnaires were conducted before intervention and two years after intervention respectively. The incidence of non-fatal drowning in both groups was compared to evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention. Results Seven 736 valid questionnaires and 7 730 valid questionnaires were retrieved at baseline and at the end. The incidence of non-fatal drowning in intervention group was 4.45%, lower than 13.12% of baseline (P <0.01). The incidence of terminal non-fatal drowning in control group was 7.47%, compared with 6.90% at baseline No statistical significance (P = 0.344). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of non-fatal drowning among migrant children receiving combined intervention was 0.762 times of that of non-intervention children (OR = 0.762, 95% CI: 0.691-0.840). Conclusion Integrated drowning intervention based on ecological model has significant effect in preventing children from drowning, and has the promotion value.