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目的分析深圳市龙岗区某街道辖区内74家眼镜制造企业的职业病危害因素,为眼镜制造企业的职业病危害因素防控提供依据。方法收集该74家眼镜制造企业生产车间内的噪声、粉尘、有机溶剂等职业病危害因素的检测结果,分别对不同规模企业、不同种类、不同岗位的职业病危害因素进行统计分析。结果 74家眼镜制造企业中,大、中、小型企业的职业病危害因素的总体超标率分别为16.87%,19.77%,30.84%,三者之间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=51.204,P<0.01)。不同规模眼镜制造企业的噪声超标率之间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.528,P=0.02)。74家企业的噪声、粉尘、有机溶剂职业病危害因素超标率之间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=104.3,P<0.01)。滚桶、超声清洗两个岗位的平均噪声水平高于其他噪声接触岗位,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同粉尘接触岗位的粉尘超标率之间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=25.512,P<0.01),不同有机溶剂接触岗位的有机溶剂超标率之间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.548,P<0.01)。结论不同规模眼镜制造企业、不同岗位、不同种类的职业病危害因素超标情况存在一定的差异,监管部门、企业及职业病危害因素接触工人应采取相关措施降低职业病因素的危害。
Objective To analyze the occupational hazards of 74 glasses manufacturing enterprises in a street area of Longgang District, Shenzhen, and provide evidences for prevention and control of occupational hazards in optical manufacturing enterprises. Methods The testing results of occupational hazards such as noise, dust and organic solvents in the 74 manufacturing enterprises were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted on occupational hazards in different scale enterprises, different types and positions. Results The total over-standard rates of occupational hazards in large, medium-sized and small-sized enterprises among the 74 eyeglass manufacturers were 16.87%, 19.77% and 30.84% respectively, with significant differences among them (χ ~ 2 = 51.204, P <0.01). There was a statistically significant difference between the noise excess rates of the glasses manufacturers (χ ~ 2 = 12.528, P = 0.02). There was a significant difference between 74 enterprises in the excess of the occupational disease risk factors of noise, dust and organic solvents (χ ~ 2 = 104.3, P <0.01). The average noise level of the two positions of drum and ultrasonic cleaning was higher than that of other noise exposure positions, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was significant difference (P <0.01) between the exceeding standard rates of dusts exposed to different dusts, and there was a significant difference between the exceeding standard rates of organic solvents exposed to different organic solvents (χ ~ 2 = 13.548, P <0.01). Conclusion There are some differences in the standard of occupational hazards among different sizes of glasses manufacturing enterprises, different positions and different types of occupational diseases. Regulatory authorities, enterprises and occupational hazards should contact workers to reduce the hazards of occupational diseases.