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[目的]了解合肥市麻疹的血清流行病学特征,探讨麻疹与风疹之间的血清学鉴别诊断。[方法]采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)捕获法对331例RFIs的血清标本进行麻疹IgM和风疹IgM抗体检测。[结果]麻疹IgM抗体阳性率为45.62%,风疹IgM抗体阳性率为13.60%。在出疹后4～14d采集的血清标本其麻疹IgM和风疹IgM抗体阳性检出率最高。麻疹IgM阳性病例≥20岁组阳性数最高(33.11%);风疹IgM阳性病例主要集中在13～19岁组(64.44%)。有麻疹疫苗接种史的31例,占20.53%;无免疫史的40例,占26.49%;免疫史不详者80例,占52.98%。[结论]血清学诊断是科学鉴别RFIs的重要手段。采血与检出率密切相关;麻疹患者与风疹患者有一定的年龄差距,但未经实验室诊断极易发生误诊;应加强实验室监测,提高麻疹实验室检测的及时性、准确性和敏感性。
[Objective] To understand the serum epidemiological characteristics of measles in Hefei and to explore the serological differential diagnosis between measles and rubella. [Methods] Serum samples from 331 RFIs were detected by ELISA and rubella IgM and rubella IgM antibodies. [Results] The positive rate of measles IgM antibody was 45.62% and the positive rate of rubella IgM antibody was 13.60%. Serum samples collected 4 to 14 days after rash had the highest positive rate of measles IgM and rubella IgM. Measles IgM positive cases ≥ 20 years old group had the highest number of positive (33.11%); rubella IgM positive cases mainly concentrated in the 13 to 19 years old group (64.44%). There were 31 cases with history of measles vaccination, accounting for 20.53%; 40 cases without any history of immunization, accounting for 26.49%; 80 cases with unknown history of immunization, accounting for 52.98%. [Conclusion] Serological diagnosis is an important means of scientific identification of RFIs. Blood sampling and detection rate are closely related; measles patients and rubella patients have a certain age gap, but without laboratory diagnosis easily misdiagnosed; laboratory monitoring should be strengthened to improve the timeliness, accuracy and sensitivity of measles laboratory testing .