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The potential of bagasse soda pulp as a strength enhancer for old corrugated pulp
KAMYAR SALEHI AHMAD JAHAN LATIBARI OTHAR KORDSACHIA BODO SAKE
SUMMARY：Blending unbleached bagasse soda pulp with old corrugated container （OCC） pulp to reinforce the strength properties of the OCC is investigated. Firstly， bagasse pulp was collected from a local paper mill and the refining behaviour and strength development of this bagasse pulp were evaluated. The results demonstrated that application of up to 200 kW/h specific refining energy （SEL 0.5 J/m）， improved the strength properties. This indicated that mild refining is helpful in strength development of this pulp and the open structure of bagasse fibres do not impose severe problems if low specific edge load is used. Bagasse pulps refined to different degrees were selected for blending with unrefined OCC pulp. The ratios of bagasse refined pulp was varied up to 20% of the fibre furnish. The results revealed that higher dosages of the bagasse refined pulp improved all properties of the OCC pulp except tear index. It is generally accepted that OCC pulp has lost bonding potential between the fibres and adding refined bagasse pulp improves the interfibre bonding between the OCCfibres.
KEYWORDS：bagasse;soda pulp;recycling;strength; refining; interfibre bonding
堿法蔗渣浆增强旧瓦楞纸浆的研究
KAMYAR SALEHI AHMAD JAHAN LATIBARI OTHAR KORDSACHIA BODO SAKE
摘 要：本实验将未漂碱法蔗渣浆与旧瓦楞纸箱（OCC）浆相混合，研究了其对OCC的增强性能。首先，从当地造纸厂收集蔗渣浆;并评价了蔗渣浆的打浆性能和强度变化。结果表明，采用高达200 kW/h的有效磨浆功率（SEL 为0.5 J/m）可提高纸浆强度性能。这表明轻度打浆有助于纸浆强度的提高，且采用低比边缘负荷时，对蔗渣浆纤维的松散结构不会产生严重影响。选用不同打浆度的蔗渣浆与未打浆的OCC浆混合，改变蔗渣浆的纤维占比且最高不超过20%。结果表明，添加较高用量、经打浆的蔗渣浆能够改善OCC浆除撕裂指数以外的其他所有性能。一般认为OCC浆已丧失结合能力，而加入经打浆的蔗渣浆后，可以提高OCC浆纤维间的结合。
关键词：蔗渣;碱法浆;回收;强度;打浆;纤维间结合
Effect of blending banana stem and hardwood pulps on sizing， ash retention，
physical strength and optical properties of paper
SANDEEP TRIPATHI IZHAR ALAM NISHI K. BHARDWAJ
SUMMARY：This paper describes the effect of blending bleached banana stem （BS） pulp with hardwood （HW） pulp on the sizing carried out using alkyl ketene dimer （AKD） along with ground calcium carbonate （GCC） as the filler， and on physical strength and optical properties of paper. Blending of BS pulp with hardwood pulp significantly improved physical strength properties like tear， burst and tensile indices by 57.4， 88.3 and 44.4%， respectively. For the blended pulps， cationic charge demand increased whereas the freeness， drainage and zeta potential decreased with increasing proportions of BS pulp. The Cobb60 value increased and the contact angle value reduced with the increasing BS pulp content. Ash content and first pass ash retention （FPAR） increased by blending BS pulp with HW pulp. BS pulp qualities could be utilized for developing paper grades requiring high tear strength and high air resistance. The optical properties were reduced marginally with increasing proportion of BS pulp due to its low initial brightness and whiteness compared to HW pulp. KEYWORDS：blending; filler retention; physical strength properties; sizing; contact angle; Cobb60
阔叶木浆混合香蕉秆浆对纸张施胶、灰分留着率、物理强度和光学性能的影响
SANDEEP TRIPATHI IZHAR ALAM NISHI K. BHARDWAJ
摘 要：本实验研究了漂白香蕉秆（BS）浆与阔叶木（HW）浆的混合浆对烷基烯酮二聚体（AKD）施胶和研磨碳酸钙（GCC）加填纸张物理强度和光学性质的影响。两种浆混合后，纸张的强度性能明显提高，其撕裂指数、耐破指数和抗张指数分别提高了57.4%、88.3%和44.4%。随着混合浆中BS浆用量的增加，混合浆阳离子电荷需求量增加，而游离度、滤水性和Zeta电位降低;Cobb60值也呈增加趋势，接触角减小。两种浆混合后，灰分含量和一次灰分留着率（FPAR）增加。BS浆具有的特性使其可用于开发需要高撕裂度和高阻气的纸种。与HW紙浆相比，BS纸浆的初始亮度和白度较低，因此随着BS浆用量的增加，纸张的光学性能略有下降。
关键词：混合浆;填料留着率;物理强度性能;施胶;接触角; Cobb60
Preparation of strong and stiff papers through
surface sizing with starch and APMS
SHUZHEN NI CHUNJIAN WANG LIANG JIAO ZHIHUAI YU XIU WANG SHAN JIANG HONGQI DAI
SUMMARY：This study aims to prepare high strength and stiff papers through surface sizing with enzymatically degraded starch and 3aminopropyl trimethoxysilane （APMS）. Starch molecules are able to penetrate the inner structure of paper and form threedimensional networks in the fibre web. APMS， a highly rigid monomer， forms silanol after hydrolysis and then covalent linkages with cellulose within the fibre web， which strengthens the physical properties of paper. Results show that， compared to unsized paper， tensile index of paper sized by APMS+St increases by 93.9%， and bending stiffness increases by 251% with the APMS dosage of 5.1 g/m2， 8% （w/w） enzymatic starch （αamylase dosage is 12.5 u/g）. The pH and alkaline reserve of the sized papers improved. SEM images show that pores within sized paper decreased and loose fibres become rigid and are held within a denser， more compressed fibre network.
KEYWORDS：papers; surface sizing; enzymatic starch;APMS; stiffness; strength; contact area
淀粉和APMS表面施胶制备强韧纸
SHUZHEN NI CHUNJIAN WANG LIANG JIAO ZHIHUAI YU XIU WANG SHAN JIANG HONGQI DAI
摘 要：本研究旨在通过酶解淀粉和3氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（APMS）表面施胶制备高强度和高硬度的纸张。淀粉分子能够渗透到纸张内部并在纤维网中形成三维网状结构。APMS是一种高刚性单体，水解后形成硅烷醇，然后与纤维网内的纤维素发生共价键连接，从而增强纸张的物理性能。结果表明，与未进行表面施胶的纸张相比，采用APMS（用量5.1 g/m2）和质量分数8%酶解淀粉（α淀粉酶用量为12.5 u/g）表面施胶的纸张其抗张指数增加了93.9%，挺度增加了251%。表面施胶纸张的pH值和碱度也有所提高。扫描电子显微镜图表明，表面施胶纸张的内部孔隙减少，游离纤维变得坚硬，并被包裹在致密的纤维网状结构中。
关键词：纸张;表面施胶;酶解淀粉;APMS;挺度;强度;接触面积
KAMYAR SALEHI AHMAD JAHAN LATIBARI OTHAR KORDSACHIA BODO SAKE
SUMMARY：Blending unbleached bagasse soda pulp with old corrugated container （OCC） pulp to reinforce the strength properties of the OCC is investigated. Firstly， bagasse pulp was collected from a local paper mill and the refining behaviour and strength development of this bagasse pulp were evaluated. The results demonstrated that application of up to 200 kW/h specific refining energy （SEL 0.5 J/m）， improved the strength properties. This indicated that mild refining is helpful in strength development of this pulp and the open structure of bagasse fibres do not impose severe problems if low specific edge load is used. Bagasse pulps refined to different degrees were selected for blending with unrefined OCC pulp. The ratios of bagasse refined pulp was varied up to 20% of the fibre furnish. The results revealed that higher dosages of the bagasse refined pulp improved all properties of the OCC pulp except tear index. It is generally accepted that OCC pulp has lost bonding potential between the fibres and adding refined bagasse pulp improves the interfibre bonding between the OCCfibres.
KEYWORDS：bagasse;soda pulp;recycling;strength; refining; interfibre bonding
堿法蔗渣浆增强旧瓦楞纸浆的研究
KAMYAR SALEHI AHMAD JAHAN LATIBARI OTHAR KORDSACHIA BODO SAKE
摘 要：本实验将未漂碱法蔗渣浆与旧瓦楞纸箱（OCC）浆相混合，研究了其对OCC的增强性能。首先，从当地造纸厂收集蔗渣浆;并评价了蔗渣浆的打浆性能和强度变化。结果表明，采用高达200 kW/h的有效磨浆功率（SEL 为0.5 J/m）可提高纸浆强度性能。这表明轻度打浆有助于纸浆强度的提高，且采用低比边缘负荷时，对蔗渣浆纤维的松散结构不会产生严重影响。选用不同打浆度的蔗渣浆与未打浆的OCC浆混合，改变蔗渣浆的纤维占比且最高不超过20%。结果表明，添加较高用量、经打浆的蔗渣浆能够改善OCC浆除撕裂指数以外的其他所有性能。一般认为OCC浆已丧失结合能力，而加入经打浆的蔗渣浆后，可以提高OCC浆纤维间的结合。
关键词：蔗渣;碱法浆;回收;强度;打浆;纤维间结合
Effect of blending banana stem and hardwood pulps on sizing， ash retention，
physical strength and optical properties of paper
SANDEEP TRIPATHI IZHAR ALAM NISHI K. BHARDWAJ
SUMMARY：This paper describes the effect of blending bleached banana stem （BS） pulp with hardwood （HW） pulp on the sizing carried out using alkyl ketene dimer （AKD） along with ground calcium carbonate （GCC） as the filler， and on physical strength and optical properties of paper. Blending of BS pulp with hardwood pulp significantly improved physical strength properties like tear， burst and tensile indices by 57.4， 88.3 and 44.4%， respectively. For the blended pulps， cationic charge demand increased whereas the freeness， drainage and zeta potential decreased with increasing proportions of BS pulp. The Cobb60 value increased and the contact angle value reduced with the increasing BS pulp content. Ash content and first pass ash retention （FPAR） increased by blending BS pulp with HW pulp. BS pulp qualities could be utilized for developing paper grades requiring high tear strength and high air resistance. The optical properties were reduced marginally with increasing proportion of BS pulp due to its low initial brightness and whiteness compared to HW pulp. KEYWORDS：blending; filler retention; physical strength properties; sizing; contact angle; Cobb60
阔叶木浆混合香蕉秆浆对纸张施胶、灰分留着率、物理强度和光学性能的影响
SANDEEP TRIPATHI IZHAR ALAM NISHI K. BHARDWAJ
摘 要：本实验研究了漂白香蕉秆（BS）浆与阔叶木（HW）浆的混合浆对烷基烯酮二聚体（AKD）施胶和研磨碳酸钙（GCC）加填纸张物理强度和光学性质的影响。两种浆混合后，纸张的强度性能明显提高，其撕裂指数、耐破指数和抗张指数分别提高了57.4%、88.3%和44.4%。随着混合浆中BS浆用量的增加，混合浆阳离子电荷需求量增加，而游离度、滤水性和Zeta电位降低;Cobb60值也呈增加趋势，接触角减小。两种浆混合后，灰分含量和一次灰分留着率（FPAR）增加。BS浆具有的特性使其可用于开发需要高撕裂度和高阻气的纸种。与HW紙浆相比，BS纸浆的初始亮度和白度较低，因此随着BS浆用量的增加，纸张的光学性能略有下降。
关键词：混合浆;填料留着率;物理强度性能;施胶;接触角; Cobb60
Preparation of strong and stiff papers through
surface sizing with starch and APMS
SHUZHEN NI CHUNJIAN WANG LIANG JIAO ZHIHUAI YU XIU WANG SHAN JIANG HONGQI DAI
SUMMARY：This study aims to prepare high strength and stiff papers through surface sizing with enzymatically degraded starch and 3aminopropyl trimethoxysilane （APMS）. Starch molecules are able to penetrate the inner structure of paper and form threedimensional networks in the fibre web. APMS， a highly rigid monomer， forms silanol after hydrolysis and then covalent linkages with cellulose within the fibre web， which strengthens the physical properties of paper. Results show that， compared to unsized paper， tensile index of paper sized by APMS+St increases by 93.9%， and bending stiffness increases by 251% with the APMS dosage of 5.1 g/m2， 8% （w/w） enzymatic starch （αamylase dosage is 12.5 u/g）. The pH and alkaline reserve of the sized papers improved. SEM images show that pores within sized paper decreased and loose fibres become rigid and are held within a denser， more compressed fibre network.
KEYWORDS：papers; surface sizing; enzymatic starch;APMS; stiffness; strength; contact area
淀粉和APMS表面施胶制备强韧纸
SHUZHEN NI CHUNJIAN WANG LIANG JIAO ZHIHUAI YU XIU WANG SHAN JIANG HONGQI DAI
摘 要：本研究旨在通过酶解淀粉和3氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（APMS）表面施胶制备高强度和高硬度的纸张。淀粉分子能够渗透到纸张内部并在纤维网中形成三维网状结构。APMS是一种高刚性单体，水解后形成硅烷醇，然后与纤维网内的纤维素发生共价键连接，从而增强纸张的物理性能。结果表明，与未进行表面施胶的纸张相比，采用APMS（用量5.1 g/m2）和质量分数8%酶解淀粉（α淀粉酶用量为12.5 u/g）表面施胶的纸张其抗张指数增加了93.9%，挺度增加了251%。表面施胶纸张的pH值和碱度也有所提高。扫描电子显微镜图表明，表面施胶纸张的内部孔隙减少，游离纤维变得坚硬，并被包裹在致密的纤维网状结构中。
关键词：纸张;表面施胶;酶解淀粉;APMS;挺度;强度;接触面积