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机体对肿瘤有否免疫力,是决定能否用免疫学方法防治肿瘤的基础。自确定淋巴系统为免疫系统后,人们对免疫系统和肿瘤免疫之间的关系进行了研究,认为免疫系统有识别、杀伤与清除体内突变细胞、防止发生肿瘤的功能,因而提出了免疫监视学说。1974年Osias Stutman等用无胸腺小鼠进行实验,证实无胸腺鼠对化学致癌物质
The body’s immunity to tumors is the basis for determining whether immunologic methods can be used to prevent or treat cancer. Since the lymphatic system was established as the immune system, people studied the relationship between the immune system and tumor immunity. It is believed that the immune system has the function of recognizing, killing and removing mutant cells in the body and preventing the occurrence of tumors. Therefore, an immune surveillance theory has been proposed. In 1974, Osias Stutman et al. performed experiments with athymic mice and confirmed that athymic mice were chemical carcinogens.