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一、严竣的现实1992年7月16日,在特区农村城市化改造高潮中,深圳市福田区上步实业股份有限公司挂牌成立了,宣告了深圳特区内农村集体股份制企业的诞生.经历了两度春秋,如今的集体股份公司获得了长足的发展,集体资产成倍增长.诚然,集体资产的增加与村民的辛勤劳动是分不开的,但勿庸置疑,特区集体股份制企业的发展壮大与村民生活水平的提高更应归功于国家的改革开放政策,这突出地体现在集体股份公司的收入结构上.特区开创至今,绝大部分的集体股份公司的主要收入来源是靠出租厂房收取工缴费,自办企业收入甚微,商业贸易也仅靠出租牌照方式收取管理费,实质性的商业贸易则很少.而造成这种状况的一个主要原因就是集体股份公司人才缺乏(如福田区的农转非人口中,中专以上34人,高中704人,初中2292人,分别占就业年龄人口的0.4%、8.7%及28.2%).
First, the reality of Yan Yan July 16, 1992, in the urbanization of rural areas in the SAR upsurge, Futian District, Shenzhen City Industrial Co., Ltd. was established on the listed step, announced the Shenzhen rural area in the rural collective joint-stock enterprises was born. Experience Throughout the Spring and Autumn Period, the collective stock companies have achieved considerable development and the collective assets have grown exponentially. It is true that the increase in collective assets is inseparable from the hard work of the villagers, but there is no doubt that the development of the collective shareholding enterprises in the SAR has grown. The improvement of the living standards of the villagers should be attributed to the country’s reform and opening up policy. This is prominently reflected in the income structure of the collective stock companies. Since the establishment of the SAR, the majority of the collective stock companies’ main source of income has been to collect workers from the rental factories. Payment, self-employed enterprises have little income, commercial trade only relies on rental licenses to collect management fees, and substantial commercial trade is rare. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of talent in collective stock companies (such as Futian District Among non-agricultural populations, 34 are technical secondary schools, 704 are high schools, and 2292 are junior high schools, accounting for 0.4%, 8.7%, and 28.2% of the working-age population, respectively).