Vascular calcification: When should we interfere in chronic kidney disease patients and how?

来源 :World Journal of Nephrology | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:yichunyang
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
Chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients are endangered with the highest mortality rate compared to other chronic diseases. Cardiovascular events account for up to 60% of the fatalities. Cardiovascular calcifications affect most of the CKD patients. Most of this calcification is related to disturbed renal phosphate handling. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and klotho deficiency were incriminated in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification through different mechanisms including their effects on endothelium and arterial wall smooth muscle cells. In addition, deficient klotho gene expression, a constant feature of CKD, promotes vascular pathology and shares in progression of the CKD. The role of gut in the etio-pathogenesis of systemic inflammation and vascular calcification is a newly discovered mechanism. This review will cover the medical history, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical relevance, different tools used to diagnose, the ideal timing to prevent or to withhold the progression of vascular calcification and the different medications and medical procedures that can help to prolong the survival of CKD patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are endangered with the highest mortality rate compared to other chronic diseases. Cardiovascular events account for up to 60% of the fatalities. Cardiovascular calcifications affect most of the CKD patients. Most of this calcification is related to disturbed renal phosphate handling. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and klotho deficiency were incriminated in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification through different mechanisms including their effects on endothelium and arterial wall smooth muscle cells. In addition, deficient klotho gene expression, a constant feature of CKD, promotes vascular pathology and shares in progression of the CKD. The role of gut in the etio-pathogenesis of systemic inflammation and vascular calcification is a newly discovered mechanism. This review will cover the medical history, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical relevance, different tools used to diagnose, the ideal timing to prevent or to withhold the progression of vasc ular calcification and the different medications and medical procedures that can help to prolong the survival of CKD patients.
其他文献
二、西方法文化的输入与中国法制的近代化起源很早,而且具有辉煌历史的中国古代法律,在其漫长的发展过程中却是陈陈相因,发展缓慢,充满了保守性和孤立性。当西方资产阶级已
现代法治的权利平等性黄稻权利平等性是法治特征的质的规定性。现代法治所具有的社会公正、政治民主和法制戚等特征的内涵,都离不开权利平等这个“中轴”,都要落到这个基点上才
<正> 一、问题的提出 早在1937年,谢振民编写的《中华民国立法史》(正中书局出版,第1307页)认为:1924年11月(应是10月——引者注)广州军政府《工会条例》之颁布,“此为我国劳工法规之始”。这就是说,他认为1924年孙中山颁布的《工会条例》,是我国最早的工会法。这一论断,已被法学界和工运史学界沿用了六七十年。 据查《孙中山全集》第11卷(中华书局1986年版,第125页)登载孙中山以大元帅名义公布《工会条例》的全文是这样的:
“送文化下乡”和“文化扶贫”活动,缩短了文艺工作者与人民群众之间的距离,无疑是一件值得推广和坚持的活动。然而,笔者也发现此项活动在某些地区有流于形式、劳民伤财的现
请下载后查看,本文暂不支持在线获取查看简介。 Please download to view, this article does not support online access to view profile.
随着21世纪的逼近,许多专家学者断言:在饮料方面,主角的位置将要发生历史性的转换。如果说,19世纪是可可的世纪,20世纪是咖啡的世纪,那么,21世纪就是茶的世纪。南方嘉木的亘
伦理本位是儒家文化的一般概括;法律,自然是居于从属的地位了。所谓“德主刑辅”实即道尽了儒家法文化的形质。法律在儒家文化中的角色基本上是工具性的,用较规范的“体用”
最近,中国的颐和园和天坛被批准正式列入世界遗产名录。至此,我国已有21处世界遗产。数量名列世界第四位。世界遗产包括文化遗产和自然遗产。文化遗产是指具有历史、美学、
全面建设小康社会使农村文化建设进入一个发展新时期,我们又称之为文化战略机遇期。农村文化在农村小康社会中的战略意义和决定性作用表明,它不仅是农村小康社会的重要内容
·许多年前,很多业内人士在谈到美系品牌之时,也许只会提到四大品牌。如今,美系第五大品牌——顿汉布什的名号已经在业内广为传播。这几年,顿汉布什在中国市场上的高速增长以