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为定量分析上行天线组阵增益损失的影响因素,提出一种通过建立数学模型分析合成损耗的估计方法。首先基于天线原理和电磁波传输理论建立了天线组阵上行链路信号的数学模型,以统计学理论对数学模型进行分析,得到了影响上行链路信号的若干因素。通过分析得出,深空探测信号在远距离传输中因大气相位扰动引起的误差是造成天线组阵增益损失的最主要因素。再通过对大气相位扰动误差的进一步分析,构建S频段和X频段下大气相位扰动的空间自相关模型和时间自相关模型,得到组阵基线长度和工作仰角同合成损耗的关系。经过对各误差源的分析可知,在目前的技术水平下,能够满足上行天线组阵工程应用的精度要求。
In order to quantitatively analyze the factors that affect the gain loss of the uplink antenna array, a method of estimating the composite loss by establishing a mathematical model is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of antenna array uplink signal is established based on the principle of antenna and electromagnetic wave transmission. The mathematical model is analyzed with statistical theory, and several factors that influence the uplink signal are obtained. The analysis shows that the error caused by the atmospheric phase perturbation of the deep-space sounding signal in long-distance transmission is the most important factor that causes the gain loss of the antenna array. Then through the further analysis of the atmospheric phase disturbance error, the spatial autocorrelation model and the time autocorrelation model of the atmospheric phase perturbations in the S-band and the X-band are constructed, and the relationship between the baseline length and the working elevation of the array matrix and the composite loss is obtained. After analyzing the error sources, we can see that under the current technical level, the accuracy requirements of uplink antenna array engineering can be satisfied.